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119 articles for “Substrate”
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Indigo Carmine Oxidations in Aqueous and Micellar Media Using Specific Oxidants—A Review Article
Abstract: Abstract Indigo carmine is an anionic synthetic dye widely used in textile, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The discharge of this dye into water bodies poses severe environmental concerns due to its intense color, more stability, and resistance to biodegradation. Consequently, the oxidation and degradation of this dye through electron transfer reactions have been widely investigated. The present review focuses on studies related to oxidation of indigo carmine dye using various …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–56 Read article
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Design and Simulation of Compact Microstrip Patch Antennas for 5G Applications
Abstract: The rapid growth of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems has created significant demand for compact, high-gain, low-profile, and energy-efficient antenna technologies. Microstrip patch antennas have emerged as one of the most suitable antenna structures for 5G applications because of their lightweight design, low fabrication cost, compact size, ease of integration, and compatibility with modern wireless devices. However, conventional microstrip patch antennas suffer from limitations such as narrow bandwidth, low gain, …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–16 Read article
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Red Yeast as a Sustainable Platform for Bio-Oil and Natural Pigment Production
Abstract: Oleaginous yeast represents a promising biotechnological platform for the sustainable production ofbio-oil, an alternative to fossil-derived fuels. These microorganisms can accumulate lipids up to 20–70% of their dry cell weight, primarily in the form of triacylglycerols that are structurally similar toplant and animal oils. Among them, certain species exhibit distinctive red or pink pigmentation andare collectively referred to as red yeasts. These yeasts not only synthesize significant amounts ofstorage lipids …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 12–16 Read article
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Bio-stimulation with Fresh Avocado Seed for Crude Oil Remediation: Experimental and Bio-kinetic Modelling
Abstract: The remediation of crude oil-contaminated soils requires sustainable and cost-effective solutions. This study investigates the performance of fresh avocado seed (Persea americana) as a biostimulant for the remediation of Bonny Light crude oil-contaminated soil from the Kalarugbana community, Niger Delta. A 56-day laboratory-scale experiment was conducted using bioreactors containing 1 kg of soil contaminated with 100 ml of crude oil and treated with different volumes of fresh avocado seed slurry …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 68–76 Read article
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Cognitive Metallurgy: A Study on Microstructure and Energy Efficiency in High-Temperature Alloying via Sensor Fusion and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Abstract: Background Traditional high-temperature metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting and specialty alloy synthesis, are characterized by high energy consumption, stochastic variability, and reliance on post-process defect inspection. The inability to precisely monitor, model, and predict the real-time thermal, chemical, and mechanical state of molten metal and cooling substrates results in significant material waste and inconsistent microstructural integrity. Methodology This study introduces a novel framework for Cognitive Metallurgy utilizing an integrated …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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Microstrip Line Fed Capacitively Coupled Patch Antenna for Wireless Application
Abstract: In order to increase the impedance bandwidth for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications, aunique design of a microstrip line-fed, capacitively coupled, corner-truncated microstrip patch antenna isput forth, examined, and optimized in this research. The low profile, light weight, ease of manufacture,and compatibility with printed circuit technologies of microstrip patch antennas are well known.Conventional patch antennas' intrinsically small impedance bandwidth, however, is a significantdisadvantage that reduces their usefulness in broadband …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Advanced Materials and Protective Coatings for Enhanced Durability in Gas Turbine Engines
Abstract: Abstract Gas turbines are critical in modern power generation and propulsion systems, where high thermal efficiency, performance, and durability are essential. Operating at extreme temperatures and in aggressive chemical environments places significant stress on hot-section components, such as turbine blades, vanes, and combustor liners. To meet these demands, advanced high-temperature materials and protective coatings have been developed to ensure structural integrity, reduce maintenance, and improve operational lifespan. Nickel-based superalloys remain …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Role of Human Carboxylesterase’s in Xenobiotics Metabolism
Abstract: According to one definition, xenobiotics are alien compounds that interfere with an organism's natural metabolism. Many xenobiotics can have a number of harmful effects if they don't have metabolism. There are several phase 1 metabolizing enzymes of xenobiotics which have capability to detoxify the toxic compounds. Several important metabolic detoxication enzymes are presented, including the mammalian microsomal cytochrome Carboxylesterases. Mammalian carboxyleterases are key enzymes from the serine hydrolase enzyme. Carboxylesterases …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 13–22 Read article
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Innovative Approaches to Molecular Synthesis for Drug Development
Abstract: The rapidly evolving field of drug development continually seeks innovative methodologies to enhance the efficiency, specificity, and scalability of molecular synthesis. This paper explores recent advancements in synthetic chemistry, focusing on techniques that have shown significant promise in addressing the challenges faced in drug discovery and development. Automated Synthesis: The advent of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in synthetic chemistry has led to the development of automated synthesis platforms. …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Comparative Study of Bioethanol Production from Mixed Floral Wastes by Pichia kudriavzevii CY 902 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 13122
Abstract: Ever since ethanol has proved to be an alternative to fuel, various sources are explored to enhance its production. Thus far, starch and sugar containing substrates, such as sugarcane and corn are employed for commercial production of ethanol resulting in an imbalance in the industrial and domestic supply of sugars causing an impact on their prices. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of mixed floral wastes as a cheaper alternative …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 34–45 Read article
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Employing ML and DL to Optimize an ElectrochemicalBiosensor
Abstract: A major field of study in science, that have made the understanding of the world and made homo sapiensthe dominant species on the planet is our understanding of medicine. Under this vast umbrella is thedetection and classification of microorganisms. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged aspromising tools in this regard due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and potential for miniaturization.By integrating a Machine Learning & Deep Learning model for the detection of …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 33–38 Read article
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Radiation Pattern Measurement for UWB Body Worn Antenna
Abstract: In today's fast-growing world of various wireless communication applications low-profile devices are preferable. In the body area network (BAN) light weight, low profile devices are implemented on clothes. These devices are called wearable devices which are the parts of intelligent clothing. In the recent era ultra-wide band (UWB) technology is also a promising and challenging technology. In this paper, UWB is incorporated with a wearable antenna which is useful for …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Association Alleviates Antioxidant Activity of Bacopa monnieri
Abstract: Methanol extract of Bacopa leaves and ascorbic acid showed a significant scavenging of p < 0.05. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza treatment on antioxidant activity of Bacopa monnieri. Mycorrhiza spores were added to the plants at different time intervals and the plants were categorized as T1, T2, T3 and T4 according to treatments. T1 plants are control, while T2, T3 and T4 plants received …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 24–28 Read article
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Isolation and Characterization of Rhizosphere-Competent Indigenous Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria for Biofertilizer Applications
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for crop growth and development. Low levels of P in soil is due to high reactivity of soluble P with calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) or aluminum (Al) that lead to P precipitation. Mineral phosphate (P) solubilization is an important activity of rhizospheric bacteria that contribute significantly to the plant growth and development in eco-friendly manner. Four potent phosphate solubilizers (PSB-2, PSB-3, PSB-4 and PSB-7), …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Underground Microbe-Root Networks Directed Forestation and Forest Regeneration: Towards a High Planetary Standard of Life
Abstract: Educated predictions for the 21st Century regarding Earth and Homo sapiens status evolvement on it have foreseen new and better advances in Science and Technology: Magnetism as the primer energy source, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence for automation, The Universal Basic Income, Cryptocurrencies and the Internet of Things as the suitable and improved replacement for central banking system, and the development of a Global Culture, with it the establishment of global …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 30–37 Read article
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Invitro Studies on Isolation, Screening and Characterization of Streptokinase from Bacillus SPP
Abstract: Streptokinase have isolated from the Bacillus spp. by using fermentation. The soil sample have collected from the different area of the Lucknow. The Gram’s staining was used to determining Bacillus spp. The screening method was used for the characterization for the bacteria. The enzyme concentration measured by using Lowry’s protein estimation method. Caseinolytic activity have performed to study the enzyme activity. Many different enzymes are required to bring about the …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 19–35 Read article
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CORROSION RESISTANCE OF BINARY AND TERNARY ALLOY COATINGS FROM ACID SULPHATE BATH
Abstract: Electroplating of three binary (Zn-Ni, Zn-Co and Zn-Fe) and two ternary (Zn-Ni-Co and Zn-Co-Fe) alloy coatings were developed onto mild steel substrate using 2-((4-chlorophenyl) amino)-1-(6-methyl-1H-pyrazolo [3, 4 - b] quinolin-1-yl) ethanone (CME) as an additive. Hull cell technique was used to optimize the bath constituents and operating conditions. Corrosion rate of binary and ternary alloy coatings were determined using potentiodynamic polarization method. Corrosion rate of ternary Zn-Ni-Co alloy coating was …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 12–16 Read article
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Influence of CeO2 nanoparticles on the corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Ni coatings
Abstract: Nickel-Ceria (Ni-CeO2) nanocomposite coatings were developed on mild steel (MS) substrate using electrodeposition method. The codeposition of the nanoparticles was achieved from the optimized Ni plating bath loaded with CeO2 nanoparticles (particle size <20 nm). Ni and Ni-CeO2 coatings were achieved at a wide current density (c.d.) range from 1.0 to 5.0 A/dm2 under optimal conditions, and their corrosion protection efficacy was examined in 5% NaCl medium. The material property …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 19–28 Read article
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Induced codeposition of Ni-W alloy coatings using glycerol as additive and their characterization
Abstract: As a promising coating material to replace hard chromium coating, the development of nickel–tungsten (Ni-W) alloy coatings of good corrosion protection is of great interest in surface coating technology. Further, the effect of plating variables, including additive on the composition of alloys of induced co-deposition is more vagarious than in other types of alloy deposition. In this regard, an alkaline citrate bath has been formulated for electrodeposition of Ni-W alloy …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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A Study on the Effect of Current Density on Electrocatalytic Behavior of Ni–Co Alloy
Abstract: Active, stable and more efficient electrocatalysts are the requirements for water splitting applications. In this direction, the present paper presents the experimental results on electrolytic development of Ni–Co alloy coatings, and their application as electrode material for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). The Ni–Co alloy coatings were electrodeposited on copper substrate from a sulfate bath, using the glycerol as additive. The deposited coatings were then tested …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 9–23 Read article