International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials
Red Yeast as a Sustainable Platform for Bio-Oil and Natural Pigment Production
1Student, Department Amity Institute of Biotechnology,
Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2Ph.D. Scholar, Department Amity Institute of Biotechnology,
Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
3Professor and Principal, Department of Microbiology,
Palamuru University, Telangana. Amity Institute of
Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
4Professor, AIB, AUUP, Department Amity Institute of
Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
India.
Abstract
Oleaginous yeast represents a promising biotechnological platform for the sustainable production of
bio-oil, an alternative to fossil-derived fuels. These microorganisms can accumulate lipids up to 20–
70% of their dry cell weight, primarily in the form of triacylglycerols that are structurally similar to
plant and animal oils. Among them, certain species exhibit distinctive red or pink pigmentation and
are collectively referred to as red yeasts. These yeasts not only synthesize significant amounts of
storage lipids but also produce valuable carotenoid pigments such as β-carotene, torulene, and
torularhodin. The dual ability to generate bio-oil and natural pigments provides a unique advantage
for developing integrated bioprocesses. Furthermore, red yeasts can efficiently utilize low-cost and
renewable substrates, including agro-industrial residues and food waste, thereby reducing production
costs and supporting waste valorization. Advances in metabolic engineering, fermentation
optimization, and waste valorization are further expanding their potential for large-scale lipid
synthesis. Consequently, red yeast provides a robust and sustainable platform for bio-oil and bio
pigment production, aligning with global efforts toward renewable energy and reduced carbon
emissions.
Keywords: Lipid accumulation, natural pigment, red yeast, sustainability
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