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325 articles for “synthesis”
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Technical Insights into the Industrial Synthesis and Production of Ten Prominent Plant Growth Regulator Molecules: Process Flow and Mass Balance Determination
Abstract: Plant Growth Regulators (PGPRs) are indispensable tools in modern agriculture, offering precise control over various aspects of plant development and enhancing crop productivity. While their diverse applications are widely recognized, detailed technical insights into their industrial manufacturing processes, including synthesis routes, process flow, and mass balance, are often limited. This manuscript addresses this gap by presenting a comprehensive technical analysis of the industrial synthesis and production of ten prominent PGPR …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Trapa bispinosa Fruit Extract: Characterization and Promising Antimicrobial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are widely recognized for their applications in medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. This study presents a new green synthesis method for Ag NPs using Trapa bispinosa fruit extract as a natural reducing agent and stabilizing agent. Characterization of the synthesized Ag NPs through X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a crystalline structure consistent with the face-centered cubic (fcc) arrangement, with peaks at (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222), …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 38–46 Read article
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Novel Process for the Synthesis of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Using Unsaturated Polyvinyl Chloride Resin
Abstract: The present work is related to the process for the synthesis of a reactor made chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) from commercially available thermally treated unsaturated PVC. The synthesis of CPVC is a two-step process. The first step is the controlled thermal treatment of the PVC to generate the unsaturation in the PVC chain. The second step is the chlorination of the thermally treated PVC in presence of an initiator and …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 14–23 Read article
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Schiff Base Ligand [(E)-2,4-Dichloro-6-(1-((4-Fluorophenyl) iminoethyl)phenol] and Its Metal Complexes
Abstract: The study involved the synthesis and characterization of a novel bidentate Schiff base ligand, [(E)-2,4-dichloro-6-(1-((4-fluorophenyl) iminoethyl) phenol)], derived from 1-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) ethanone and 4-fluoroaniline. Transition metal salts (Co (II), Cu (II), Fe (II), Zn (II), Ni (II), Mn (II), Ag (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), and Pd (II)) were used to synthesize metal complexes. The chemicals used were of analytical grade, and solvents were distilled before use. Characterization involved UV, IR, …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 26–35 Read article
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Investigation on Synthesis and Evaluation of Nanopore NaA Zeolite Membranes
Abstract: Effects of synthesis parameters on the membrane structure and performance have been investigated for nanopore NaA zeolite membranes grown onto seeded mullite supports. Molar composition of the starting gel of nano NaA membranes was: SiO2/Al2O3=0.8–3.2, Na2O/Al2O3=1.6–4.6, and H2O/Al2O3=50–200. Also, effects of crystallization time and temperature on the membrane performance were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the membranes exhibited peaks corresponding to the support and the zeolite. The crystal species …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 9–22 Read article
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Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline for Supercapacitors Application
Abstract: Various polyaniline (PANI) synthesis methods are reported in the literature, depending on the experimental parameters involved (T, t, doping, and mixing procedure). Herein, three chemical polymerization methods were used to synthesis PANI from aniline monomer: rapid oxidation (OR), controlled oxidation (CO), and interfacial oxidation (OI). The PANI was therefore deposited next by drop casting on a silicon (Si) substrate. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 9–16 Read article
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Successful Synthesis of Organic Molecules with Increased Conductivity and Durability
Abstract: Organic molecules are central to biological and chemical systems. Organic molecules are mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon. These constitute the building blocks for all living organism. Chemists and scientist are curious in synthesizing organic molecules that have increased conductivity and durability. Several techniques have been developed and modified to achieve this target. A novel method has been discussed for synthesis of organic molecules with enhanced conductivity and durability. Keywords: …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 Read article
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Synthesis of Zeolites: An Overview
Abstract: Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. Zeolite synthesized from CFA is a minor but interesting product, with high environmental applications. Zeolites may be easily obtained from CFA by relatively cheap and fast conversion processes. This paper provides an overview on the methodologies for zeolite synthesis from CFA, and a detailed description of conventional alkaline conversion processes, with special emphasis on the experimental conditions to …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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Overview on the Synthesis and Characteristics of Polystyrene
Abstract: Polystyrene, a synthetic aromatic polymer, is one of the most wide spread polymers in the world. The monomer is styrene (vinylbenzene)- a petroleum based liquid hydrocarbon. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. It was first discovered by a German apothecary Edmon Simon as far back as in 1839 from the resin of Turkish sweet gum trees. Polystyrene is formed by a polymerization method known as chain growth. Physically, it is …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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Synthesis of Various Products from Different Feed Stocks–an Insight Into Application of Biotechnology
Abstract: Synthesis of various products in energy efficient manner with minimum environmental foot print is important area of research in chemical engineering. Chemical pathways are energy intensive and many of the reactions are high temperature reactions. Many compounds like ethanol, amino acids, and acetic acids can be synthesized by biological methods. Biochemical reactions are low temperature reactions under mild conditions. Use of waste material as feedstock for production of useful compounds …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 18–21 Read article
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SYNTHESIS OF NICOTINE CORE UNIT OF 2-NITRO-3-PHENYLPROPAN-1-OL FROM BAYLIS-HILLMAN ADDUCTS DERIVED FROM NITRO OLEFINS.
Abstract: The Baylis-Hillman adducts derived from nitroolefins have been conveniently transformed into 2- nitro-3-phenylpropan-1-ol via simple reaction condition. These compounds have been demonstrated for the synthesis of reduction olefin is highly biological reactive compounds. This novel nitro derivative of the BH adduct was simply treated with mole percentage of iron and acetic acid in reactive condition. Hence this novel nicotine core unit compounds were very intrusting and new opportunities for the …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Plant Extract
Abstract: Green nanoparticle manufacturing has several applications in the environmental and medical fields. Green synthesis, in particular, aims to decrease the usage of harmful chemicals. The use of biological components like plants, for example, is generally thought to be safe. Plants also contain reducing and capping agents. This chapter covers the fundamentals of green chemistry as well as a review of plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis and current applications. Nanoparticles include gold, silver, …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Synthesis of White Light Emitting Water-soluble CdZnS Quantum Dots at Room Temperature
Abstract: Water-soluble alloyed CdZnS quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully prepared at room temperatures by reacting a mixture of Cd(CH3COO)2 and Zn(CH3COO)2 with Na2S using thiolactic acid (TLA) as a surface capping agent. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the alloyed QDs are determined on the basis of the Cd2+/Zn2+ molar ratio, reaction pH, intrinsic Cd2+and Zn2+reactivities toward Na2S and the concentration of capping agent. A systematic blue shift in emission wavelength …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 32–39 Read article
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Hydroxyapatite, Synthesis of Numerous Cds Quantum Dot Composite Material: A Review
Abstract: Hydroxyapatite is one of most interesting material which is used as chemical sensor for detecting different hazardous gases. It is a bio-ceramic and non-toxic maerial for which it is widely used in bio-engineering. On the other side, CdS quantum dot is very important material in optoelectronic device fabrication for its fascinating optical, physical and electronic properties. Furthermore, scientist are also doing their research very widely on CdS quantum dot for …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles using Sodium Silicate Solution by Sol Gel Method
Abstract: The most commonly used route for synthesizing silica nanoparticles is sol-gel method due to its ability to produce monodispersed with narrow-size distribution nanoparticles at mild conditions. Recent advances in the sol-gel process for synthesis of monodispersed, narrow-size distribution nanoparticles have boosted the development of silica-polymer nanocomposites significantly. The focus of this research is on the synthesis of silica nanoparticles, size-dependent property characterization, and surface modification for the creation of homogenous …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 28–31 Read article
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Chemical Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Solid-State Chemistry of NiₓCo₁₋ₓFe₂O₄ Ferrite Oxides
Abstract: Ferrite materials have attracted significant attention in recent decades due to their remarkable magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties. Spinel ferrites, generally represented by the formula MFe₂O₄ (where M denotes a divalent metal ion such as Ni²⁺ or Co²⁺), have attracted significant attention due to their versatile applications in areas including magnetic storage, microwave absorption, sensing technologies, transformers, and catalysis. . In particular, nickel–cobalt mixed ferrites (NiₓCo₁₋ₓFe₂O₄) are of considerable interest …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Chemical Synthesis and Functional Engineering of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) in Medicine
Abstract: Poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most extensively studied biodegradable polymers in modern medicine due to its excellent biocompatibility, tunable degradation behavior, and regulatory acceptance. Originally introduced in resorbable surgical sutures and implants, PLGA has evolved into a highly versatile platform for controlled and targeted drug delivery systems. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of PLGA’s chemical structure, synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, degradation mechanisms, and established clinical applications. …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Synthesis, Spectral Study, SEM Analysis and Antibacterial Study of New Indole Azo Ligand and Complexes
Abstract: Azo ligands have developed significantly in recent decades due to their fundamental role in the coordination chemistry of transition elements. Their rapid response to coordination bonding in ligand and complex chemistry, particularly with divalent ions, is a key factor. The azo-bridged bond has played a well-established role in the formation of cobalt, nickel, and copper complexes. In this study, we prepared a novel ligand, an indole derivative bonded to an …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Nanomaterials in Modern Medicine: Synthesis,Applications, and Future Prospects
Abstract: Nanomaterials have significantly transformed the biomedical landscape, offering novelsolutions for diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention. Their distinct physicochemicalcharacteristics such as a high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable surface chemistry, andimproved bioavailability enable precise interactions with biological systems at the molecularlevel. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the synthesis methods andcharacterisation techniques employed to develop biomedical-grade nanomaterials, highlightingtheir structural and functional optimisation for clinical applications. Key areas of applicationdiscussed include targeted …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Synthesis of mixed metal oxides CuO-SnO, composite nano material for the study ofefficiency of textile fabrics as UV-absorbers
Abstract: In the present study we report the synthesis and characterization of nanosized copper oxide,tin oxide and composite of copper and tin oxide and their application on cotton fabrics forUV shielding. The CuO-SnO nanocomposite material prepared under different temperature90 0 - 150 °C by using water and 1,2-ethanediol as a solvent. Copper oxide, tin oxide andcomposite of copper and tin oxide nanoparticles were then applied to cotton sample to impartsunscreen activity …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article