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44 articles for “Chromatography”
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General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science , Pre-medical, and Pharmacy studentsChapter IV: Identification and Purification of Organic Compounds
Abstract: In order to identify an organic compound, a chemist needs to apply the suitable technique, depending on the compound state. Accordingly, melting point identification is applied for solids, boiling point for liquids, and sublimation for some compounds which have the tendency to sublime. On the other hand, When an organic compound is isolated from its natural source such as plants, it can be contaminated with some other undesirable compounds, called …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 43–59 Read article
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Mechanisms, Applications, and Recent Developments
Abstract: Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) is an advanced and versatile separation technique that harnesses the unique properties of supercritical fluids (SCFs) to extract a wide variety of compounds from both solid and liquid matrices. Supercritical fluids, which are substances at a temperature and pressure above their critical points, possess both liquid-like density and gas-like viscosity, making them highly effective solvents for extraction processes. This review delves into the underlying mechanisms of …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 Read article
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Evaluations of Treatment Performance of Tangerine and Cashew Leaves in TPH Removal from Contaminated Swampy and Clay Soils
Abstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness of two plant-based treatments, Tangerine (Citrus reticulata) and Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaves, in the bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) from polluted swampy soil. The performance of these treatments was assessed over an 84-day period using 100g of each treatment. The results demonstrated significant degradation of TPH, with Tangerine leaf showing a slight edge over Cashew leaf in the remediation process of crude oil- contaminated …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 29–34 Read article
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Schiff Base Ligand [(E)-2,4-Dichloro-6-(1-((4-Fluorophenyl) iminoethyl)phenol] and Its Metal Complexes
Abstract: The study involved the synthesis and characterization of a novel bidentate Schiff base ligand, [(E)-2,4-dichloro-6-(1-((4-fluorophenyl) iminoethyl) phenol)], derived from 1-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) ethanone and 4-fluoroaniline. Transition metal salts (Co (II), Cu (II), Fe (II), Zn (II), Ni (II), Mn (II), Ag (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), and Pd (II)) were used to synthesize metal complexes. The chemicals used were of analytical grade, and solvents were distilled before use. Characterization involved UV, IR, …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 26–35 Read article
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Performance Evaluation of Azadirachta indica Leaf on Crude Oil Contaminated Soils
Abstract: The intention of this research was to ascertain the effectiveness of sun-dried and room-dried Azadirachta indica leaf at varying quantities, in the remediation of sandy and loamy soils contaminated with 100ml of crude oil. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method was used to test for the physicochemical properties of the materials used for the experiment. The unpolluted loamy soil was observed to contain pH of 6.75, electric conductivity of 10.36µS/cm, Total Oxygen …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 35–45 Read article
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Studies on Extraction and Purification of Rutin from Ethanolic Extract of Manilkara zapota leaves
Abstract: Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) is belongs to sapotaceae family. This plant contains various nutrition values. The fruit of sapota is rich with many antioxidants, the leaf of this beneficial plant is also very useful, which helps in improving the condition of digestive tract by prevention of disease like gastritis,enteritis. As sapota is also rich with vitamin C and antioxidants which also boosts immunnity of the body and lowers the risk of …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Production of Bioethanol From Muntingia calabura – An Under Exploited Fruit
Abstract: The generation of bio-fuels from underexplored fruits forms an attractive solution towards energy generation. The utility of less utilized fruits as a possible source of ethanol production in a process without aeration was investigated by using fruits of Muntingiacalabura. The fruit juice was subjected to fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The amount of ethanol produced after fermentation was analyzed by gas chromatography and the ethanol production is almost equal to any …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 Read article
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Studies on Extraction and Purification of Total Phenolic Content from Seeds of Carica papaya
Abstract: Carica papaya is belongs to Caricaceae family and it contains high content of phenolic compounds and medicinal properties. It shows various pharmacological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing activities. Here in this research work, for the extraction of TPC from seeds of Carica papaya, the optimum results were observed for the effects of different solvents, solvent percentages, pH, extraction time and particle size for the extraction of TPC …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 39–43 Read article
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Extraction, Characterization and Tissue Culture of Plant Derived Indigo From Indigofera tinctoria-Preliminary Studies
Abstract: Indigo is the most preferable of all natural dyes for its high demand worldwide because of the blue denim. Natural Indigo dye is eco friendly, non carcinogenic and do not pose hazard to the environment as compared to synthetic dyes. Although a growing demand for naturally derived indigo dye exists, with increased use of synthetic dyes the plant species is now on the verge of being endangered. Plant tissue culture …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 53–58 Read article
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Quantification of Chemical Components and Phytochemical Screening of GaliumVerum by HPLC and LC-MS Analysis
Abstract: Galium verum L. – yellow "Lady's bedstraw" – contains polyphenols, flavonoids, phenyl- propanoids compounds, and iridoids in its golden yellow blossoms. The chemical makeup of the volatile fraction of Galiumverum L. was analysed.This plant is from the natural flora of Moldova (RediuIasi region, Romania) as a source of polyphenols and flavonoids.The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the composition of the herb methanol extract of Lady's bedstraw (Galium verum …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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A Study to Analyze Pectin Extracted from the Peels of Lemon (Citrus lemon), Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis)
Abstract: The present study carried out was on the production of the lactic acid by the lactic acid bacteria under the submerged fermentation conditions using three different supplements of fermentation media including sugarcane juice, sugar beet juice and sugarcane molasses. The study also aimed on the comparative study in lactic acid production under different substrates. For this, the lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the curd sample by the spread plate …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 46–68 Read article
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Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Fish Samples from Otamiri River, Imo State, Nigeria
Abstract: The presence of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water poses human and ecological health risks in Nigeria. Polychlorinated biphenyls present in three fish species (T. Zilli, E. Fimbriata and C. Nigrodigitatus), and its related health risk via consumption of fish from Otamiri river in Imo State Nigeria has been duly investigated in this study. A risk quotient (RQ) for fish consumption was applied to evaluate the related health risk. A total …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Development and Validation of a Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Telmisartan and Its Related Compound B (Positional Isomers) in the Bulk Drug
Abstract: A simple, selective, accurate, precise and linear RP-HPLC method was developed and validation for Simultaneous determination of Telmisartan and its related Compound B 4ʹ-[(1,7-Dimethyl-2'-propyl[2,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazol]-1'-yl)methyl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid; 4'-[(1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1H,1'H-2,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazol-1'-yl)methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid; was accomplished in the bulk drug and synthesis for drug and a tablet formulation using a Reversed Phase High Performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection separation was achieved on Inertsil ODS-3V column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) (GL Science) as stationary …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 12–23 Read article
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Spectrophotometric Determination of Salicylates in Urine using 3-Methylbenzthiazolinone – 2 – hydrazone
Abstract: A sensitive (direct or with column partition chromatography) spectrophotometric method for the determination of salicylates in urine using 3 – methylbenzthiazolinone - 2 – hydrazone in the presence of ceric ammonium sulfate as an oxidizing agent is presented. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0 – 1.6 µg ml -1. The method is accurately reproducible and can be applied in the analysis of salicylates in urine. The …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 14–17 Read article
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A Review Status on Application of Separation Techniques in Daily Life
Abstract: In chemistry and related fields, a unit operation is the basic step in a process. Unit operations involve a physical change or chemical transformation such as separation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration, polymerization, isomerization, and other reactions. Researchers have developed economic ways of using materials and energy. Chemical engineers use chemistry and engineering to turn raw materials into usable products, such as medicine, petrochemicals and plastics on a large-scale industrial setting. They …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Extraction and Purification of Kaempferol from leaves of Azadirichta indica
Abstract: Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, It contains phytochemical compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids (Quercetin and kaempferol), tannins, gallic acid, nimbosterol, catechin, nimbine, etc. It shows many pharmacological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory activities etc. For the extraction of kaempferol from neem leaves, the optimum results were observed for the effects of different solvents, different solvent percentages, particle size, pH and extraction time for the extraction of kaempferol were …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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GC-MS Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds of Carica papaya L. Male Flower
Abstract: This study was aimed at the elucidation of the bioactive compounds present in methanol extracts of Carica papaya L. The GC-MS mass spectra of the identified compounds were compared with those of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database library. The results confirmed the presence of 32 compounds including 10-Heptadecen-8-ynoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-, 3,6-Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester, 7-epi-cis-sesquisabinene hydrate, Methyl 5-cyclopropyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3carboxylate, á-copaene, Tetradecanoic acid, Tridecanoic acid, Pentadecanoic …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 23–34 Read article
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Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Essential Oil from Pumpkin Seed
Abstract: The main aim of this research work was extraction, characterization and optimization of essential oil from pumpkin seed, cucurbita pepo variety using ethanol as a solvent. The extraction was carried out by using a Soxhlet, leaching method and oil was separated from solvents by using rotary evaporator. Pumpkin seed was analyzed for proximate analysis and found that moisture content of 5.21 , crude proteins content of 22.50.31%, crude fat content …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 6–27 Read article
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Chemical Separation Techniques
Abstract: The compound partition is utilized to decrease the amount of possibly harmful or risky materials released to the climate. Also, divisions that lead to reuse, recuperation, or reuse of materials likewise forestall release. It can help with settling a portion of the natural difficulties, so it turned out to be more significant for scientists, specifically, natural trained professionals. Subsequently, this article expected to assortment data about the compound partition to …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 Read article
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“Studies on Benzene & Toluene in Ambient air of Ghaziabad Area of Delhi NCR & their carcinogenic effect”
Abstract: In this paper, the determination of Benzene & Toluene in Ambient air of Ghaziabad area of NCR were investigated. Benzene & Toluene are considered as the Carcinogenic and toxic contaminants of ambient air quality of Ghaziabad. Benzene & Toluene comes from many different sources like petroleum products, including motor fuels, industrial emission, factories and power plants etc. Benzene and toluene are carcinogenic and hazardous to biotic life and no safe …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 19–28 Read article