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22 articles for “urea”
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR INDUSTRIAL RESIN (PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE, MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE AND UREA FORMALDEHYDE)
Abstract: Resins manufacturing plants designed technically based on high-yield reactors and a fine process control system. The paints and coatings segment is the largest application. The resin plants are basically used for the production of a wide range of solvent-based and water-based emulsion or resin. Here, we have presented the manufacturing process along with the mass balance of three important industrial resins i.e. Phenol Formaldehyde, Melamine Formaldehyde and Urea Formaldehyde. Keywords: …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Study on Preparation and Properties of Agro-waste Particleboard at Various Press Temperatures
Abstract: This study concerns the influence of temperature on changes in physical and mechanical properties of particleboard fabricated from betel nut (Areca catechu L) fiber (Agro-waste) and urea-formaldehyde adhesive during hot-pressing with multiple press temperatures (120, 130, 140, 150 and 160°C) at 15 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards were determined by British Standard (BS-1811) and Indian Standard (IS-3087) Methods. For some physical and mechanical properties, it appears that …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 40–47 Read article
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Economical ways to synthesize Nucleotides from Safe and Cheaper raw materials
Abstract: Cytosine is a fundamental nitrogenous base present in both DNA and RNA, playing a critical role inessential cellular processes such as replication, transcription, gene regulation, signal transduction, andDNA repair. Due to its central biological importance, the efficient and cost-effective synthesis of cytosinehas garnered significant interest across biochemical, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors. However,most conventional synthetic methods rely on complex enzymatic transformations or require expensiveand structurally elaborate starting materials, thereby limiting their …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Chemical Processing in the E-Kidney Filtration Revolution
Abstract: The convergence of bioengineering and advanced materials science has catalyzed groundbreaking innovations in renal replacement therapies, most notably in the development of the electronic kidney (e-kidney). Central to the functionality of this compact, wearable filtration system is the integration of in situ chemical processing mechanisms that emulate the nuanced biochemical regulation of the human nephron. Unlike conventional dialysis, which relies on passive diffusion and ultrafiltration, the e-kidney employs microfluidic arrays …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Evaluation of NPSB Fertilizer Rate to Improve Wheat Productivity in Cheha and Yem Districts of Southern Ethiopia
Abstract: Wheat is one of the major cereal crops produced in Ethiopia for the purpose of both home consumption and market; however, its productivity is low due to limited knowledge on rate of fertilizer application, low availability of soil nutrients. Therefore, this research was conducted in 2018 to 2019 during the main cropping season to determine best fertilizer rate for better production of wheat. The experiment consists of eight treatments such …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 20–26 Read article
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Use of Aqueous Decoction of Leaves of Mulberry, Morus alba (L) in Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Brown Rat, Rattus norvegicus (L.).
Abstract: Hyperglycemia is the significant feature of the disease diabetes in human being. The oxidative stress induction is the prime concern with diabetic hyperglycemia. This oxidative stress leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Streptozotocin induced diabetic male brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus L.) were divided into five groups, each with 15 individuals. The rats of Group-I served as Normal Healthy group. The Group-II served as streptozotocin induced diabetic rats of solvent …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–23 Read article
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Characterization of Urine for Production of Bio-Hydrogen Gas forEnergy Utilization using Wood Saw Dusts
Abstract: Research has demonstrated the significance of urine in the area of production of BioH 2 gas for the purpose of energy utilization using wood saw dust as the raw material. The bio-nutrients of the urine was characterized by considering the following parameter and its value determined as demonstrated in the area of pH (6.80), Total Solids (TS) (6050mg/l), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (4250mg/l), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) (1800mg/l), Chemical Oxygen …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Outcome of Diverse Nitrogen Applications and Seed Rates for Attaining Quantitative and Qualitative Wheat Crop Production
Abstract: The application rates of nitrogen and seed can significantly improves the quality of nutrients and productivity is wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. To discourse it, an experiment in field was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan District (SCRI) Sugar Crop Research Institute, Pakistan with the name of “Effect of Different Seed Rates and Nitrogen Application for Obtaining Qualitative and Quantitative Production in Wheat Crop”. This research assessed (150, 120, 90 and …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–47 Read article
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Processing of Milk, Indian Standards, and Comparative Analysis of Milk Quality Using Different Tests
Abstract: Milk is one of the most vital food products consumed worldwide, known for its rich nutritional value and chemical complexity. This study aims to analyze the processing techniques of milk, the Indian standards (FSSAI, BIS) that govern milk quality, and the comparative evaluation of milk from different brands (Amul, Mother Dairy, Country Delight, and a local brand). The tests performed include urea test, starch test, detergent test, and formalin test, …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–25 Read article
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e-Kidney Filtration System (EKS) Using Sensor: A Study
Abstract: This research presents the design and preliminary validation of an E-Kidney Filtration System (EKS), an innovative artificial kidney leveraging advanced sensor technology for precise and adaptable blood filtration. Traditional hemodialysis, while life-sustaining, is a passive process with inherent limitations in its ability to dynamically respond to individual patient needs and fluctuations in physiological parameters. EKS aims to overcome these limitations by integrating a suite of real-time biosensors and electrochemical sensors …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–40 Read article
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Economical ways to synthesize Nucleotides from Safe and Cheaper raw materials
Abstract: Cytosine is a fundamental nitrogenous base present in both DNA and RNA, playing a critical role inessential cellular processes such as replication, transcription, gene regulation, signal transduction, andDNA repair. Due to its central biological importance, the efficient and cost-effective synthesis of cytosinehas garnered significant interest across biochemical, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors. However,most conventional synthetic methods rely on complex enzymatic transformations or require expensiveand structurally elaborate starting materials, thereby limiting their …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions Read article
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Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Nitrate and Pesticide Contamination in Uttar Pradesh Groundwater
Abstract: Groundwater serves as an indispensable resource for human consumption, agriculture, and industry globally, holding particular significance in India, where it supports over 80% of irrigation in states like Uttar Pradesh. However, the intensification of agricultural practices, characterized by the indiscriminate application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has led to widespread contamination of these vital aquifers. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the prevalence, primary sources, and multifaceted impacts of …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Advancing Clean Energy: The Role of Biohydrogen Technology
Abstract: The process of gasification turns carbonaceous materials derived from biomass or fossil fuels into gases, with nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) being the main fractions. By reacting carbonaceous materials (coal, petroleum, and biomass) with a regulated amount of oxygen and/or steam at high temperatures, a thermochemical process known as gasification produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Methanol and chemicals like urea and ammonia, which are …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 46–54 Read article
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Transforming Carbon: The Science and Potential of Gasification
Abstract: Methanol and chemicals like urea and ammonia, which are the building blocks of many fertilizers, can be produced via the gasification process. Additionally, gasification can assist in the production of transportation fuels from biomass, coal, oil, and sands. Drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction are the five distinct thermal processes that make up gasification. Drying removes moisture from the feedstock, while pyrolysis breaks down complex hydrocarbons into simpler molecules. Combustion …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 24–35 Read article
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Treatment of CO2+NH3 Mixed Waste Gas from Different Sources by Blend Solvents
Abstract: The waste gas from chemical plants, including urea fertilizer plant, contains a large amount of CO2 gas in addition to NH3 gas. New solvents have been studied for use in the absorption of waste gases, but most of them are carried out at specific compositions and flow rates for individual gases. In this paper, a complete conceptual design of the process for separately absorbing CO2 and NH3 gases in a …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–19 Read article
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Preparation, Process, and Significance of-fertilizers
Abstract: The application of chemical fertilizers (such as calcium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, etc.) is crucial to the world's food production because it acts as a fast food for plants, accelerating their growth and efficiency. However, because of the excessive and unbalanced use of these synthetic inputs, negative effects are being observed. Beneficial microorganisms found in biofertilizers provide a sustainable substitute for chemical fertilizers, tackling the mounting worries about …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Assessment of Different Wheat Varieties Under Various Nitrogen Levels
Abstract: The correlation between nitrogen (N) application and yield of different wheat varieties was determined at the farms of University of Agriculture Peshawar. Three different wheat varieties viz Pirsabaq 2103, Galaxy and Insaf were grown at five different N levels viz. 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 under randomized complete block design with three replications in split plot arrangements. Mineral fertilizers such as Urea source was used for …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 16–30 Read article
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Solubility Enhancement of Theophylline Drug Using Mixed Solvency Approach
Abstract: “Solubility enhancement” is one of the difficult tasks that have become a great challenge in formulation development of orally administered drugs having poor aqueous solubility. Poor aqueous solubility of drugs creates significant problems in producing formulations of sufficiently high bioavailability, thereby preventing the effective usage of these drugs. With the introduction of the concept of “mixed-solvency,” it is feasible to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs in aqueous solutions …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Preparation and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Cobalt(II) and Ni(II) salt of Phthalimide with Some Oxamic Acids
Abstract: The mixed ligand complexes of oxamic acids with Co(II) and Ni(II) salt of phthalimide were prepared, where oxm= N-phenyl thio urea oxamic acid(NPTUOA),m-tolumide oxamic acid (m-TOA), N-pyrrazole oxamic acid & phth= Co(II) and Ni(II) salt of phthamlimide. These all mixed ligand complexes examined by their elemental analysis, melting points, UV-visible analysis, I.R studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements and thin layer chromatography. Elemental analysis of the complexes shows 1:2 (Metal:Ligand) stiochiometry for …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 Read article
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SYNTHESIS AND IR-SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEX COMPOUNDS OF COPPER (II) FORMAT WITH SOME AMIDES
Abstract: Complex compounds of metals with amides, having biological activity are widely used in agriculture. Complex compounds of copper with organic ligands are physiologically active, participating in the vital processes of living organisms; the formiats have bactericidal and fungicidal properties. For the first time, mixed ligand complex compounds of copper (II) formate with formamide, thiocarbamide, acetamide and carbamide in an aqueous solution were synthesized. Using the methods of IR spectroscopy and …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 31–38 Read article