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93 articles for “hardware”
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Hardware-Centric Analysis and Optimization of Perturb and Observe Techniques for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Abstract: Operating conditions like temperature and irradiance fluctuations can significantly reduce the power output of PV systems, presenting a key challenge. Additionally, contemporary MPPT methods demand high computational resources and face difficulties in maintaining optimal PV array output when weather conditions change quickly. The P&O technique, though widely used, falls short in accurate maximum power point tracking amid sudden shifts in solar insolation due to incorrect adjustments in the duty cycle. …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 Read article
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Hardware-Centric Analysis and Optimization of Perturb and Observe Techniques for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Abstract: Operating conditions like temperature and irradiance fluctuations can significantly reduce the power output of PV systems, presenting a key challenge. Additionally, contemporary MPPT methods demand high computational resources and face difficulties in maintaining optimal PV array output when weather conditions change quickly. The P&O technique, though widely used, falls short in accurate maximum power point tracking amid sudden shifts in solar insolation due to incorrect adjustments in the duty cycle. …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 Read article
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A Comprehensive Study on Evolvable Hardware
Abstract: AbstractEvolvable Hardware (EHW) is an innovative approach to hardware design that utilizes evolutionary algorithms, such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Genetic Programming (GP), to enable electronic systems to autonomously adapt, optimize, and reconfigure themselves in response to changing environments or requirements. Inspired by natural evolution, EHW dynamically evolves hardware configurations through selection, mutation, and crossover, allowing systems to improve performance, enhance fault tolerance, and achieve greater energy efficiency. Central to …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 16–22 Read article
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Review and Analysis of Fault Detection in Self-Healing Hardware System
Abstract: Self-healing hardware systems represent a transformative advancement in fault tolerance, enabling devices to autonomously detect, diagnose, and recover from malfunctions to ensure continuous and reliable operation. This paper explores the critical role of fault detection techniques in self-healing systems, focusing on methods such as built-in self-test (BIST), redundancy, and machine learning-based approaches. These techniques facilitate proactive and real-time fault resolution, addressing the limitations of traditional reactive strategies. The study highlights …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 11–15 Read article
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Hardware Protection of Design Data for Integrated Circuits: A Review
Abstract: Due to globalization of integrated circuit (IC) design flow, the supply chain elements can pirate ICs, overbuild ICs and insert hardware Trojans. Ending piracy of ICs is locked by inserting additional keys and only a correct key makes the design to produce correct outputs. Test of ICs is essential to ensure their quality; the test is meant to prevent defective ICs from entering into the supply chain. Due to the …
Published in International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Home Automation Approach Based on PLC: Ease and Sustainability
Abstract: Home automation is a notion that is gaining popularity as a way for people to improve their comfort, security, and energy efficiency. The use of programmable logic controllers in the context of home automation is examined in this research. Programmable logic controllers offer a dependable and adaptable foundation for automating and regulating a variety of home systems. The key elements and procedures for implementing home automation using programmable logic controllers …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Innovating IoT Security: VHDL as a Solution for Bootloader Vulnerabilities
Abstract: Unmatched connectivity and convenience have been made possible by the growth of Internet ofThings (IoT) devices. However, there is a higher chance of security flaws as a result of thisincreasing connectedness. The bootloader, the software that loads the operating system andinitializes the device, is one of the most important components for IoT device security. Maliciousactors may target the device since a hacked bootloader can result in a total takeover. Based …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Design of Real-Time Candy Vending Machine Using Verilog HDL
Abstract: This project focuses on the implementation of a real-time candy vending machine using Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL). The main objective is to design a digital system that simulates the operation of a candy machine, including accepting coin inputs and monitoring the total inserted amount in real time. Verilog HDL is used to model the system’s behavior at the register– transfer level, making it suitable for academic and conceptual understanding …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 11–17 Read article
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Advanced Power Grid
Abstract: The electric power transmission systems of tomorrow must incorporate advanced hardware and software technologies to increase reliable long-distance power transfer. While new hardware technologies can improve transmission system capabilities, software technologies are also needed to coordinate these hardware technologies safely, securely, and effectively. To prevent system failures, future transmission systems must integrate advanced hardware and software technologies across new and existing facilities, allow revolutionary improvements in power grid utilization, and …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 16–22 Read article
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A Comparative Study of JWT and Web Authn for Password less Authentication in MERN Stack Applications
Abstract: More than 80% of web application breaches are rooted in credential compromise, yet password-based login continues to be the default choice in most MERN stack deployments. This paper reports on a side-by-side implementation of JSON Web Token (JWT) and Web Authentication (WebAuthn) within a shared MERN reference application built on React 18, Express.js 4.18, Node.js v20 LTS, and MongoDB Atlas M10. The JWT branch uses bcrypt at cost factor 12 …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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An Extensive Analysis of QC's Difficulties & Restrictions
Abstract: QC constitutes a fundamental shift in computational paradigms by exploiting quantum mechanical phenomena namely superposition, entanglement, and interference to achieve computational advantages over classical systems for specific problem domains. Despite significant theoretical progress, the realization of large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers remains impeded by a range of intrinsic and technological constraints. This paper offers a thorough & critical analysis of the principal challenges associated with QC, with a focus on de- …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Optimizing Internal Combustion Engine Performance and Fleet Fuel Economy through Machine Learning and AI using Big Data Analytics
Abstract: This paper presents a software-defined operational intelligence approach for optimizing internal combustion engine performance and fleet fuel economy using Big Data Analytics combined with Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Real-world vehicle data is transformed into engineered features and virtual sensing outputs to estimate fuel consumption, driver behaviour, and component health without additional hardware. The proposed system integrates fuel optimization, predictive maintenance, driver assistance, and sustainability assessment into a unified one-stop …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 35–51 Read article
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Planar-to-Rotary G-code Transformation Via Post-Processing for Discrete 4-Axis Machining
Abstract: Conventional 4-axis CNC machining remains inaccessible to many due to the high costs of industrial hardware and the complexity of firmware modifications for entry-level controllers. This paper presents a software-defined framework that enables Planar-to-Rotary G-code Transformation, allowing standard 3-axis CNC systems to perform discrete 4-axis machining without hardware retrofits or firmware changes. The core of the proposed method is a custom Python-based post-processor that maps Cartesian XZ toolpaths onto a …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 50–66 Read article
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Optimizing Internal Combustion Engine Performance and Fleet Fuel Economy through Machine Learning and AI using Big Data Analytics
Abstract: Abstract This paper presents a software-defined operational intelligence approach for optimizing internal combustion engine performance and fleet fuel economy using Big Data Analytics combined with Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Real-world vehicle data is transformed into engineered features and virtual sensing outputs to estimate fuel consumption, driver behaviour, and component health without additional hardware. The proposed system integrates fuel optimization, predictive maintenance, driver assistance, and sustainability assessment into a unified …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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A Comprehensive Approach to Design and Implement a Fast FIR Filter for Signal Processing Applications
Abstract: Signal processing, communications, and computers all rely heavily on the field of digital signal processing (DSP). In DSP important application is Finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The initial objective of this inquiry is to present an approach for an improved framework of a FIR digital filter through the programme level to the hardware level. It influences the decision on design approaches, architecture, and the efficient use of hardware. The window …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–19 Read article
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Design and Implementation of Bottle Filling Automation System for Food Processing Industries using PLC
Abstract: The prime target behind this work is to build an automated bottle filling conveyor handing system using PLC (MITSUBISHI) or programmable logic controller. The purpose is to automate the working of a conveyor system. The working of conveyor system includes two main tasks to be accomplished. The primary job is starting and stopping of the conveyor using motor. The secondary task is to fill the bottles in a particular time …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Analysis of Prefluxing Method for Transformer Inrush Current Reduction
Abstract: Inrush Current is a harmonic-rich current which flows in transformer when it is energized. Inrush current affect the winding of transformer by means of its structural deformation, induce the voltage distortion, and reduce the power quality. There are number of methods available for transformer inrush current’s reduction. Among them, the latest and emerging method is the prefluxing method. In this paper, same has been explained with its results of simulations …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 Read article
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Brain-Inspired Computing: The Rise of Neuromorphic AI
Abstract: Neuromorphic computing is an emerging computing paradigm that draws inspiration from the structure and operational principles of the human brain. By integrating ideas from neuroscience, computer design, and materials science, neuromorphic systems aim to deliver high-performance, low-power computation that is suitable for smart data processing. Unlike traditional von Neumann architectures, neuromorphic hardware uses massively parallel processing, event driven computation, and adaptive learning. This paper provides an overview of neuromorphic principles, …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Antenna and Beam-Control Optimization of RIS-Assisted 6G Links: Phase Resolution, Directivity and Energy Efficiency
Abstract: This paper presents an antenna-oriented investigation of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted sixth- generation (6G) wireless links, emphasizing practical design factors beyond conventional RIS versus non-RIS bit-error-rate comparisons. Four parameters are evaluated: phase-shifter resolution, reflected-beam directivity, aperture-dependent spectral efficiency, and controller-aware energy efficiency. A Rayleigh-fading binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) link is used for reliability analysis, while the RIS is modeled as a uniformly spaced reflective aperture through its array factor. The …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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IMPLEMENTATION OF VOTING MACHINE TO AVOID RIGGING USING VERILOG HDL
Abstract: With almost 970 million eligible voters, India holds the title of the largest democratic nation. The traditional voting method that used paper was a lengthy process and highly susceptible to mistakes. Electronic voting machines (EVMs) make voting easy, safe, and quick. It decreases the human effort, errors in the time of vote counting. But in the existing EVM there is lack of authentication, i,e one’s vote can be stolen by …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–32 Read article