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59 articles for “chemical modifications”
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Synthesis of Groundnut Shell Composites: Exploring Chemical Reactions for Particle Treatmentand Modification
Abstract: The utilization of groundnut shell particles as a sustainable and economical filler in composite materials has garnered significant interest in recent years. This manuscript presents an in-depth analysis of the chemical processes involved in synthesizing groundnut shell-based composites, with a focus on the treatment and modification of the particles to enhance their compatibility and functional properties. The study investigates various chemical reactions, including acid and alkali treatments, aimed at altering …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 27–32 Read article
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Influence of Surface Treatments on the Adhesion of Plant Fibers to Epoxy Resin
Abstract: Because of their primary benefits, moderate strength and stiffness, low cost, and the fact that they are a renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally safe material, natural fibers are seen to have potential use as reinforcing agents in polymer composite materials. Since they are inherently hydrophilic, moisture can easily build up on them, weakening or plasticizing the fibers’ adhesion to the surrounding matrix and affecting the performance of composite materials used in …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 12–24 Read article
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Chemical Treatments to Modify the Surface of Agricultural Waste Fibers as a Green Substitute to Cellulosic Fiber Treatment
Abstract: Scientists are searching for natural elements that can decompose naturally and replace synthetic materials that have not been biodegradable for a while. The automotive, space, furniture, construction, medical, and packaging industries are among the many that use synthetic composite materials. This has resulted in growing interest in biodegradable bio composites. In recent years, a variety of stem fibers, including jute, flax, hemp, and kenaf, have been employed to replace the …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 35–45 Read article
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Tri-Route Orchestration of Sr-Modification, MoldVibration, and T6 Treatment on the Microstructure andPerformance of A356 Alloy
Abstract: This study examines the cascade effects of chemical modification, mechanical mold vibration during solidification, and subsequent T6 heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and multi-property enhancement of A356 Alloy cast via permanent mold casting. Initially Sodium (Na) modifying flux (2– 4 wt%) and Strontium (Sr) elemental modifier (0.01–0.05 wt%) were implemented to refine the morphology of eutectic silicon; Sr addition at an optimal concentration of 0.04 wt.% yielded superior eutectic …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 13–25 Read article
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Chitosan: Chemistry, Applications & Economics of Production - A Review
Abstract: Chitosan is a natural poly-cationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin and also known as de-acetylated chitin. It is derived from partial de-acetylation of chitin. Its low solubility in neutral and alkaline solution limits its application. Chitosan’s chemical modification brings to it new reactive functional properties for different applications. Because of biocompatibility, non-toxicity, low allergenicity and biodegradability, it is used in various applications .This review paper presents the chemistry, literature review …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 23–34 Read article
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Essential of bearing in materials engineering
Abstract: Essentials of bearing have been to maintain lubricant film to prevent metal to metal contact and hence local welding of two surfaces. Tribological and mechanical properties have improved by powder metallurgy route of bearing fabrications. Alloyed non-ferrous plane bearings have better friction coefficients than pure metals. Betterment has appeared in babbit/ bronze particulate reinforced composites. Ni addition has improved performances of graphite-lead free tin bronze composite layers on surface of …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Potato Starch-Based Composites for Industrial Application
Abstract: Plastic has become an essential element in our daily life. Plastics derived from polyolefins such as polyethylene are currently used in plastic film for food wrapping, garbage bags, mulching, compost bags, and many more. These plastics are typically inactive and resistant to microbial attack and hence they remain in nature for a long time without any deformation and has a harmful effect on atmosphere. Biodegradable plastics can help solve this …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Synthesis of Bromobutyl Rubber: Effect of Reaction Temperature and Time on Bromobutyl Rubber Microstructure
Abstract: Butyl rubber is prepared by cationic polymerization process either by solution or slurry phase by randomly copolymerizing isobutylene with small amount of isoprene (1-3 mol %). It has good air impermeability and oxidative stability and thus finds extensive use in inner tube applications. The presence of unsaturation in the form of isoprene units in butyl rubber provides a means of enhancing useful properties of this important commodity elastomer by incorporation …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 30–39 Read article
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Isolation and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharides Being Used as a Biopolymer in Modern Drug Delivery System
Abstract: Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) obtained from the seed of Tamarindus indica tree. It possesses different properties like high viscosity, broad pH tolerance, biocompatibility, mucoadhesive nature. It is used as thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent in food and pharmaceutical industries and Gums are widely used natural materials for conventional and novel dosage forms. The objective of present investigation was to search for a cheap and effective natural polymer that can be used …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Development of Smart Fire Extinguishing
Abstract: The invention of smart fire extinguishing agents, which satisfy the growing need for efficient, eco-friendly, and adaptable fire suppression systems, is a significant advancement in fire safety. Traditional fire extinguisher chemicals, such as water, foam, and chemical powders, are effective, but they often have disadvantages, including toxicity, negative environmental effects, and inefficiency in difficult situations. Conversely, smart extinguishing agents maximize fire suppression through intelligent, tailored responses by utilizing advancements in …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–19 Read article
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Uses of Natural Fibres in Polymer Composites
Abstract: The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials has led to growing interest in utilizing natural fibers as reinforcements in polymer composites. Natural fibers such as jute, flax, hemp, sisal, and coir have gained notable attention due to their renewable origin, biodegradability, low density, and cost-effectiveness when compared with conventional synthetic fibers like glass or carbon. When combined with suitable polymer matrices, these fibers form natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs), …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Hydrogels Based on Guar Gum: A Review
Abstract: Polysaccharide-based hydrogels are potential materials for wide range of medical applications i.e., tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery and local therapy etc. An interesting fact related to hydrogels is their ability to be injected without any modification in their chemical, mechanical and/or biological properties, due to their thixotropic behavior. It is also feasible to alter the rheological and chemical-physical properties of polysaccharide hydrogels by modifying the cross-linking agents and exploiting their …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–16 Read article
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Innovative Value Chain Development of Modified Starch for a Sustainable Environment: A Review
Abstract: Granular structure of starch is widely utilized in a variety of applications due to its universal abundance, relatively low cost, and ability to impart a broad range of functional properties to their products. However, most starches in their native form have limitations that make them less than ideal for the diversity of desired applications. For this reason, most of the starch utilized as a food or industrial ingredient is first …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 20–32 Read article
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Carboxylated NBR and Latex: Production, Applications, and Current Global Market Scenario
Abstract: Carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) and Carboxylated latex are specialized materials derived from the modification of traditional nitrile rubber (NBR) and latex through the introduction of carboxyl groups. These modifications enhance the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the base materials, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. This review comprehensively examines the production methods of Carboxylated NBR and latex. It also explores the diverse applications of …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 43–49 Read article
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Chromatography for Chemical Separation: Types and Uses
Abstract: Chromatography is an analytical tool that is used for separating a variety of chemical mixtures. This technique was developed somewhere during the 1940s to 1950s. Initially, the technique had low efficiency with prolonged time of analysis and reduced detection range. Later, the technique was modified and improved to meet the demands of chemical separation technology. Chromatography is broadly categorized into analytical or preparative. Analytical chromatography is used for small sample …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 24–25 Read article
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Preparation and Characterization of Ce-Si-SBA-15 Modified With Iron
Abstract: Recently environmental concerns have driven the development of specialized catalysts to prevent polluting substances from being released into the environment. New technologies have improvised our understanding of catalytic functions as well as selectivity in order to save the energy and chemicals. Today, catalysis is the workhorse in the chemical industry with approximately >90% of the products produced in catalytic processes. In addition, life cannot exist without catalysis, as virtually all …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 Read article
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The Process of Manufacturing of Pedal Powered Water Purifier
Abstract: Water (constituent of hydrogen & oxygen) is a requirement of everything including humans, animals, plants, & microorganisms. They can’t live without it. Due to Industrial growth & construction development, water is becoming polluted specially in rivers. As well Electricity is extremely erratic in rural and remote areas, thus making conventional water purifiers almost redundant for use. Thus, this project is specifically targeted at such areas like rural & urban where …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 15–21 Read article
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Effects of Coupling Agent and Nanoclay on the Mechanical, Morphological and Dimensional Stability of Natural Fiber/Polypropylene Composites
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposite is made up of polymer as a matrix ingredient and reinforcement ingredient as a filler in the form of nanometer particles. These ingredients have dissimilar physical and chemical features and are mixed to generate sole features of nanocomposites. Polypropylene (PP) was nominated as the polymer matrix ingredient. Reinforcement ingredients used include organically modified montmorillonite with natural fiber. Various composites based on polypropylene, natural fiber, and organically modified montmorillonite …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 9–18 Read article
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Engineering Behaviour of Expansive Clay Modified with Lime, Cement, and Fly Ash for Geotechnical Applications
Abstract: Abstract Soils exhibiting high swelling and shrinkage characteristics present a persistent challenge in geotechnical engineering, particularly in regions dominated by clay-rich deposits. These materials undergo significant volumetric changes due to moisture fluctuations, often resulting in structural distress, pavement failure, and increased maintenance demands. The present study investigates the modification of expansive soil behavior through the application of chemical stabilization techniques using lime, cement, and fly ash. A structured experimental program …
Published in International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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TiO2 Doped with Noble Metals and Transition Metals: A Review
Abstract: This review article investigates advances in the research of nanomaterials based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with noble metals and transition metals. Initially, we provide an overview of the theory behind TiO2 as the base material and discuss the fundamental principles of nanomaterial doping. Next, we delve into studies on noble metal doping, highlighting recent research that explores the incorporation of noble metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–12 Read article