Search
220 articles for “Routing”
-
Route Planning Using Vehicles' Routing Algorithms
Abstract: The term "vehicle routing problem" (VRP) refers to optimization issues in the transportation, distribution, and logistics industries. They primarily concentrate on supplying a large number of customers with a variety of cars. Function of vehicle routing problem VRP is Determine the best path from a starting point to a road map destination using route planning tools. Because road traffic circumstances (e.g., congestion level, road incidents, etc.) can change during a …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 20–24 Read article
-
Performance Study of AODV, OLSR, and DSDV Routing Protocols in Mobile AD HOC Networks
Abstract: This study presents a performance evaluation of three prominent routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network: ad-hoc on-demand distance vector, optimized link state routing, and destination-sequenced distance vector. Efficient routing protocols are required to be sustained in dependable communication in mobile ad hoc network due to the dynamic and decentralized nature of the network. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector belongs to the reactive protocol category that creates routes on demand; …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 38–60 Read article
-
Routing Configuration of Inter-VLAN on Packet Tracer
Abstract: Network traffic is forwarded from one VLAN to another VLAN using a procedure called inter-VLAN routing. Legacy, router-on-a-stick, and a Layer 3 switch employing SVIs are the three alternatives. A router with several Ethernet interfaces was used by Legacy. Each router interface was connected to a switch port in different VLANs. Virtual LANS (VLANs) allow you to partition a large network into several smaller ones. Many businesses have divisions within …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 34–41 Read article
-
Optimal Route Assessment of Oil and Gas Pipelines using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Abstract: Oil and Gas pipelines constitute an essential part of infrastructure investment in petroleum projects. Itis essential; therefore, pipeline route selection must be cost-effective because an optimal routeinfluences the lifespan of the pipeline, from design and planning to construction and operation.Geographic Information System (GIS) is the cornerstone of well-managed spatial analysis. GIS isintegrated into the study for terrain evaluation and the identification and assessment of the optimalpipeline routes. The application of …
Published in International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 19–25 Read article
-
Prioritized Multimedia Transmission Using AODV Routing Protocol in NS2
Abstract: In wireless multimedia streaming, there is a need for allowing client prioritization so that provision of end user can be enabled with alleged quality in direct relationship with client device consequence. Currently, the same priority is given to all clients, independent of their characteristics, often resulting in unfair distribution of throughput. This paper proposes a priority-based scheme for QoS in MANET by classifying the traffic flow in to network into …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 28–38 Read article
-
Enhancing Routing Efficiency Within Iot Applications
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) routing protocols play an important role in determining the effectiveness, efficiency and reliability, and somehow, affect the security of IoT in their content. Most research centers are now working to find a routing protocol that is appropriate to the nature of the network and the nature of the functions required. In this work, we review a survey of routing protocols currently used and the theoretical foundations …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 1–15 Read article
-
A Novel Approach of Low Power Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Abstract: The Energy management issues are very important in the context of MANET. The node energy needs to be optimally utilized so that the nodes can perform their functionality satisfactorily. MANETs are energy constrained as most Ad-Hoc nodes today operate with limited battery power. So, it is important to minimize energy consumption of the entire network in order to maximize the life time of the network. Hence, a new on-demand routing …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 39–44 Read article
-
Review of Anomaly Detection Techniques in MANETs: AMachine Learning Approach to Intrusion Detection, Attack Prediction, and Routing Security
Abstract: Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are decentralized, self-organizing networks that offer flexibility and scalability for a variety of applications. However, their dynamic topology and limited resources make them highly susceptible to security threats. Traditional security measures often struggle to address the complexities of evolving and sophisticated attacks within such networks. This paper reviews the role of machine learning (ML) techniques in enhancing anomaly detection capabilities in MANETs, focusing on their …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–5 Read article
-
Stone Fortification, Landscape, Architectural and Tourism Importance of Ancient India-Tibetan Trade Route Outpost and High Security Detention Camp of Indian Freedom Fighters Buxa Hill Fort, West Bengal, India
Abstract: Buxa Fort was rebuilt in form of a cantonment in 1873. It was initiated by the East India company to safeguard the International route between Bhutan and India. The establishment of the Buxa fort is exactly unknown but it is more than 200 years old. The Ruler of Kamatpur King Sangaldwip had built the Fort using Bamboo and woods. Buxa Fort had been in possession of Koch kings before it …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 23–34 Read article
-
A Survey on Propagation Models, Routing Protocol Models and Mobility Models of Wireless Networks
Abstract: In this paper, authors have provided a detailed categorization of various propagation model, different routing and mobility techniques currently used in wireless networks. This paper presents different propagation models, their path loss behavior and propagation techniques. Different routing techniques with distinguishing feature have been proposed, where numbers of parameters are selected for comparison to suggest which protocol may perform best in different wireless networks. Finally, highlighting operation and analysis of …
Published in International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 12–24 Read article
-
Energy-Aware Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks present a number of issues, including storage capacity, communication bandwidth, processing speed, and battery life (WSNs). All of these factors have an impact on the longevity of a WSN.. Solving all of these problems and extending the WSN's lifespan. Energy optimization in WSNs is a difficult problem that has sparked a lot of research and standardization methods over the years. Various clustering protocols have evolved to address …
Published in International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–6 Read article
-
Enabled Impairment Cognizant Of Elastic Optical Networks By Traffic Grooming And Multipath Routing
Abstract: The large bandwidth of fibre optical networking is far wider than the typical bandwidth required by network service providers. This variation leads to a need for multiplexing the low rate traffic demands into optical wavelength channels, but this call for a extravagant electronic swapping devices, potentially equalizing the advantage of low cost optical transport. Traffic grooming and multipath routing are two techniques that are being commonly used to increase the …
Published in International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 24–28 Read article
-
CASE STUDY ON WAI TO PRATAPGAD ROAD USING ALTERNATE ROUTE OF UNDERGROUND TUNNEL (WAI+JOR+PRATAPGAD)
Abstract: ABSTRACT: The project proposes constructing an underground tunnel from wai (jor) to pratapgad to address acute traffic congestion, regular road accidents, and long travel time on present mountainous roads. The present highway, with its steep curves and ascents, fails to support growing vehicular movement, resulting in traffic congestion and safety hazards, especially during peak tourist periods. The tunnel will provide a straight and unbroken journey, less reliant on the meandering …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 65–81 Read article
-
Adaptive Clustering Strategies for 5G-IoT Wireless Sensor Networks: Insights into Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches
Abstract: The new cellular network standard is 5G. The Internet of Things, or IoT, is growing and changing quickly. Massive cellular bandwidth increases brought about by 5G make it much simpler for the Internet of Things to connect many devices. Current LTE networks will be ten times slower than 5G. This increase in speed will allow IoT devices to communicate and share data faster than ever. In this research, we have …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 33–55 Read article
-
A Noteworthy Role of Green Chemistry in Routine Life
Abstract: Green chemistry is the innovative and rapid emerging branch of chemistry. The commencement of Green Chemistry is considered as a response to the need to reduce the damage of the environment by man - made materials and the processes used to produce them. Green chemistry could include anything from reducing waste to even disposing of waste in the correct manner. All chemical wastes should be disposed of in the best …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 14–17 Read article
-
Self-Monitoring Automated Route Trashbin
Abstract: Waste management is one of the vital role of a smart city. Nowadays smart cities are rapidly increase at the same time the pollution rate was also increased highly. So people are doing the things smartly to reduce the pollution. Since the generation of waste is active in nature, it often outcomes in some garbage cans getting overloaded and leaking while other remains almost vacant. An overflowing waste bin cannot …
Published in International Journal of Software Computing and Testing · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 22–25 Read article
-
Routing Algorithms
Abstract: The algorithmic steps involved in the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm are as follows: Ant, Bee, GA, PSO, Ant-GA, Ant-PSO, Ant-Bee, GA-PSO, Bee-GA, Bee-PSO are the various optimization techniques used in packet delivery between networks. Routing is the process of transporting data from a source to a destination in a network. The simulation time and throughput determine the output of these algorithms. The experiments are carried out using the NS2 software …
Published in International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 8–16 Read article
-
Human papillomavirus: a review of DNA based therapeutic cancer vaccines routes of administration
Abstract: Human Papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. While the virus cancause many negative health effects in both males and females, the most concerning and common ofthese is cervical cancer in females. Immunization is not effective in clearing HPV infection that isalready present. Therefore, there is a need for therapeutic vaccines that work to combat the virusin an individual who has already been exposed and has a persistent infection …
Published in International Journal of Immunological Nursing · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 5–13 Read article
-
Tri-Route Orchestration of Sr-Modification, MoldVibration, and T6 Treatment on the Microstructure andPerformance of A356 Alloy
Abstract: This study examines the cascade effects of chemical modification, mechanical mold vibration during solidification, and subsequent T6 heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and multi-property enhancement of A356 Alloy cast via permanent mold casting. Initially Sodium (Na) modifying flux (2– 4 wt%) and Strontium (Sr) elemental modifier (0.01–0.05 wt%) were implemented to refine the morphology of eutectic silicon; Sr addition at an optimal concentration of 0.04 wt.% yielded superior eutectic …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 13–25 Read article
-
Biohydrogen Production via Thermochemical and Biological Routes
Abstract: Hydrogen is a crucial energy vector for developing a sustainable bioeconomy and can be produced from renewable biomass sources. This review explores various biological and thermochemical pathways for biomass-to-hydrogen conversion. Thermochemical processes include pyrolysis, gasification, fast pyrolysis, steam reforming, and supercritical water gasification, while biological approaches encompass photofermentation, dark fermentation, mixed fermentation, and bio- photolysis. Despite its potential, achieving reliable and selective hydrogen production is essential for economically viable industrial …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 14–23 Read article