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21 articles for “External factors”
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Impact of External Contextual Factors on Construction Project Performance
Abstract: The construction industry is inherently complex, influenced by a myriad of external contextualized factors that impact project performance. Based on a thorough analysis provided in the paper, this abstract offers a thorough summary of these factors. The study categorizes external contextualized factors into four main dimensions: cost, time, scope, and dominant area of influence. Factors, such as “Availability of workforce/material/equipment,” “Land Acquisition,” “Government Policy Changes,” and “Legal disputes between Project …
Published in International Journal of Town Planning and Management · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 28–47 Read article
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Terrace Garden - Alternative for Passive Cooling
Abstract: Rising development of concrete jungles has questioned the sustainability and ecological aspect of many cities and even countries. The paper bridges the gap on how a single green element – a terrace garden helps in dealing with this crisis and harness the concept of sustainability. Urban greenery and urban landscaping, is a growing trend and using these terraces as an aesthetic aid is one of the wide range benefits it …
Published in International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 9–29 Read article
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Susceptibility Behaviour of Asphalt Concretes Under Varying Mix Temperature Conditions: Study on Stability and Flow
Abstract: Understanding the behaviour of flexible pavements synonymous with asphalt concretes is one that can be complex due to the make-up of the pavement (asphalt concrete) and the external factors that impedes its performance from production stage to service life. The present study had considered one of the most damaging factors to asphalt concrete – mix temperature; and its effect on some of the mix design properties of asphalt concrete that …
Published in International Journal of Concrete Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Identification and Analysis of Characteristic Required by Women Entrepreneur
Abstract: Abstract Entrepreneurs in the country play a vital role in the overall development of the country. This project basically focuses on the study of several characteristics required for women to become entrepreneurs. This project is mainly executed in many steps the first one involved selection criteria for the women entrepreneurs. Second one was personal visit to for knowing their personal details of an entrepreneur. The questionnaire we prepared covered four …
Published in International Journal of Software Computing and Testing · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 27–39 Read article
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Vibration Control Techniques for Flexible Space Structures: A Review
Abstract: Flexible space structures are susceptible to vibrations caused by a variety of external factors, including mechanical disturbances, temperature fluctuations, and microgravity environments. It Is Essential To Manage These Vibrations To Insure The Performance, Stability, And Durability Of Space Systems. This review paper provides a thorough analysis of the most effective state-of-the-art vibration control methods used in flexible space structures. Numerous Active, Semi-Active, and Passive Control Strategies Are Examined, Along With …
Published in International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 26–31 Read article
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Evaluation of the Potential of Fused Silica Material: The Relationship of Temperature, Frequency, and Polarization
Abstract: Fused silica, a high-purity form of silicon dioxide, is widely recognized for its exceptional thermal stability, optical transparency, and low dielectric loss. This study evaluates the potential of fused silica as a material in advanced optical, electronic, and photonic applications by exploring its properties in relation to temperature, frequency, and polarization. Through a comprehensive analysis, we examine the temperature-dependent changes in its thermal and optical properties, including thermal expansion, refractive …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 Read article
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Risk Map For Delay Causes in Construction Projects in Palestine: Contractors' Perspective
Abstract: This study is conducted to identify the main risks in construction projects in Palestine from contractors’ perspective. Questionnaire survey is the tool used to achieve the objectives of the study. 41 critical risk factors in projects associated with project duration were identified and classified as external and internal factors. The risk map for the investigated causes created based on their perceived severity and frequency of occurrence. The findings reveaeled 29 …
Published in International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 46–56 Read article
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Modeling and Simulation of n-ZnO/i-ZnO/Si p-i-n Heterojunction Solar Cell
Abstract: This paper presents 2D numerical simulation of n-ZnO/i-ZnO/p-Si p-i-n heterojunction solar cell using commercial device simulation software ATLAS from Silvaco Inc. This work deals with the design and performance optimization of p-i-n heterojunction solar cell using two dimensional computer aided design (TCAD) tool ATLAS from Silvaco Inc. The device has been simulated and analyzed with respect to the I-V characteristics of the device in dark and illuminated condition. Further figure …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Investigating Pipeline Integrity Failure as a Result of Corrosion
Abstract: The study reviewed different failure factors and data of onshore crude oil pipelines covering corrosion, external interference, structural defects, and operators’ errors. The focus of this research is to identify factors affecting failure of crude oil pipelines in Nigeria due to corrosion with analysis of failure data from 2008–2017. Corrosion (internal and external) over total length of available pipelines for each year was analysed to determine the current mean time …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Design, Development, and Testing of 2-Phase Separator
Abstract: As the pressure vessel operates under high internal pressure, the choice of material and accuracy indesign play a vital role in ensuring its safety and reliability. Proper design is essential because anyfailure in a pressure vessel can lead to serious hazards, financial losses, and operational shutdowns.In compliance with the ASME Code (Section VIII, Division 1) and the process data sheet, this articledescribes how to design a pressure vessel. To guarantee …
Published in International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 29–37 Read article
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Design, development and Testing of 2-Phase Separator
Abstract: AB S T R A C T As the pressure vessel operates under high internal pressure, the choice of material and accuracy in design play a vital role in ensuring its safety and reliability. Proper design is essential because any failure in a pressure vessel can lead to serious hazards, financial losses, and operational shutdowns. In compliance with the ASME Code (Section VIII, Division 1) and the process data sheet, …
Published in International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Community Resilience and Adaptability on Built Environment: A Study with reference to post-tsunami resettlement at Ambalangoda, Sri Lanka
Abstract: This study investigates the community resilience with reference to a tsunami resettlement at Ambalangoda in Sri Lanka. The theoretical framework used in the research is based on the “Adaptive Cycle of Resilience” developed by Holling and Gunderson. This cycle consists of four different phases; exploitation, conservation, release and reorganization. Any social system which is adapting to the changing external conditions would go through these stages of the cycle. The study …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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Design and Fabrication of Trammel Balls
Abstract: Transportation of water plays a vital role in the survival of a growing population. If the scarcity of water is one major issue, transportation of water using tankers have their own share. Water in a partially filled container, when induced with external energy (motion), generates slosh and surge. Both slosh and surge effects work as a resistive factor during transportation. To eliminate the same, few holes are drilled at pre-desired …
Published in International Journal of Mechanics and Design · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 24–39 Read article
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Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in Building Rehabilitation Projects
Abstract: Productivity is a very challenging aspect and momentous concern in construction industry because it controls the overall project performance. Complications are typically related to the labour performance. In the construction sector, there are several internal and external aspects that are variables and are terribly troublesome to predict. Also, this results to never-ending deviation in productivity of labours we tend to come through at sites, so it’s momentous to assure decrease …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 13–34 Read article
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HVDC Transmission Line Transient Power Protection: A Review
Abstract: HVDC transmission line is preferred more than HVAC transmission line due to its leading advantages over EHVAC system so HVDC transmission line protection is one of the major concerns in the current power system. The transients are generated in HVDC system during the occurrence of faults. This paper gives a briefing about the transient energy protection scheme for protection of HVDC line. Here, nature of HVDC line during internal and …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 22–30 Read article
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Green Flora –Natural Missile to Treat Life Threaten Psoriasis
Abstract: Psoriasis is a life threatened disease caused by either genetic or other factor like like infection, increased number of t cell in body, populated environment, unsuitable and unpalatable food ingestion. near of 0.44-2.8% population in india is affected by psoriasis. allopathic medicine in the form of dosage form for internal administration and external application are available. these synthetic drug for psoriasis treatment are having side effect and adverse effect the …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Organisational Structures
Abstract: The development of human society has involved people working together in organised groups to undertake many forms of activity. The emergence of the business organisation in England was triggered by the industrial revolution in where larger industrial approaches to undertaking work replaced the family and cottage industries that had previously been prevalent. A similar pattern was to take place in countries across the globe experiencing industrialisation. In these organisations groups …
Published in International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 28–33 Read article
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FOUNDATION FOR WATER THRUST
Abstract: Abstract :- For heavy load on foundation base (In case of pier of bridge of pier) and high rise building. Also design of foundation like wind thrust, seismic force and also due to thrust of water due to heavy rainfall (saturated soil condition) or for cloud bursting, and slide etc to be taken into consideration raft foundation for building or pier in bridge is essential. Also foundation base size required …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 14–19 Read article
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Cross Sectional Area of Column
Abstract: Abstract In structural engineering, columns play a critical role in transferring loads from beams to thefoundation. The load applied on a beam is transmitted to the column, resulting in an upward reactiveforce. This upward pressure necessitates the determination of the column’s cross-sectional area basedon direct stress analysis to ensure that the structure can safely bear the imposed loads. Additionally,an end moment develops at the joint between the beam and the …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 14–20 Read article
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Determination of the Flow Velocity Resistance in Non- Submerged Woody Plants
Abstract: Vegetation on the bank of a river or stream has a major influence on resistance, velocity distribution,and turbulence force. The resistance to flow in open channels depends on different channel and flow parameters. Out of many factors, vegetation is the mainly important parameter in open channels. In this study have been five points to measure the velocity in the channel. The experimental work has been done by a rectangular channel …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 1–7 Read article