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26 articles for “Chemical variables”
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Non-Equilibrium Entropy Pathways in Complex Fluids: A New Framework for Thermodynamic Irreversibility
Abstract: When a system is driven, sheared, stretched, heated, or pressurized under varying thermodynamic gradients and kept away from equilibrium, ultra-microscopic rearrangements begin to occur, indicating continuous energy dissipation. Along these energy pathways, the microstructures of complex fluids undergo multiple stages of reforming and rearrangement. In complex fluids composed of identical compounds (chemically identical species), these interactions play a supportive role and reduce the overall entropy of the system. However, when …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effect on MHD Flow Past an Accelerated Isothermal Inclined Plate in a Rotating Fluid with Variable Mass Diffusion
Abstract: In this paper, we present radiation, chemical reaction and rotation effects on unsteady MHD flow past an accelerated isothermal inclined plate with variable mass diffusion. The non-dimensional governing equations are solved using Laplace transform method. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed for various physical parameters like, radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter, rotation parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and time. Finally, physical quantities such as Nusselt number and Sherwood …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Effective Utilization of Agricultural Waste for Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Streams
Abstract: The progress of industrialization and urbanization poses a great threat to the comfort of people's lives. The production and disposal of large amounts of toxic pollutants have severely polluted our environment. The most hazardous contaminants in soils and surface waters include some organic compounds, like synthetic dyes (SD) and toxic substances (heavy metals). It is of great interest worldwide due to its toxicity to many organisms. An important topic is …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Cell Culture Technologies in Animal Biotechnology: Innovations and Applications
Abstract: Cell culture technologies have become integral to animal biotechnology, enabling the in vitro study of cellular behaviors, disease mechanisms, and the development of therapeutic solutions. These technologies are foundational for advancements in drug discovery, gene therapy, regenerative medicine, and vaccine production. Over recent decades, innovations in culture media, bioreactor systems, and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have significantly enhanced the efficiency and reproducibility of cell-based research. Serum-free and chemically defined …
Published in International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Developments of Photonic Ferroelectric Ceramic Compose
Abstract: This article is a study of imposed interposed crystal allotropic modification underexposure of electricity. Ferroelectric photonic ceramic powder and films are usual studied in preparation from adoptive transduction in the same crystal based on electrical gradient. Ferroelectric ceramics and thin films used to be processed by the sol-gel method, where empirical variables of interest have been their chemical composition, constituent phases, and microstructure. Functional attributes made metal oxide compose like …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 37–44 Read article
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Physico-Chemical Study of Rani Pond Water in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract: This paper presents to physico-chemical study of Rani pond water in winter season-2015 of Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh, India. We are analysed to change in physical and chemical properties of Rani pond water due to season. The variable data of samples are within prescribed limits as suggested by World Health Organisation (WHO), Indian Standard (ISI) and BIS desirable limit for drinking water for drinking purpose. Seasonal variation in physical and …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Assessing trends in Speciation of First-Row Transition Metals in Children's Playgrounds of Owerri, Nigeria
Abstract: Chemical species of metals affect toxicity but trends of these metals species in soils are less studied. This study examined the trends and variability of species of metals in soils from playgrounds within Owerri. Eighty-one composite soil samples from nine playgrounds were collected in dry and rainy season to reflect spatio-seasonal variability. Samples were characterized by standard methods in triplicates and then extracted sequentially. Concentrations of metal species were determined …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 28–45 Read article
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Antiaging Effect of BSF-Cream on the Skin of Human Being
Abstract: The most innovative and promising areas of aging treatment are primarily found in dermatology, cosmetics, and biological applications. Numerous changes that accompany the aging process of the skin are caused by a confluence of exogenous (toxins, chemicals, pollutants, and UV radiation) and endogenous (gene mutation, cellular metabolism, and hormonal variables). Decline the efficiencies of the body and metabolic activities soon after reaching the stage of maturity are associated with the …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 21–31 Read article
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River Bihar Water Analysis in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract: This paper aims to carry out analysis of water in Bihar River during winter season in year 2015 in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh, India. We have analyzed the seasonal variation and change in physical and chemical properties such as temperature, pH, color, odor, alkalinity, turbidity, hardness; and presence of total dissolved solutes (TDS) like calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl), and sulfate (SO42), of Bihar river water. The variable …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Cognitive Metallurgy: A Study on Microstructure and Energy Efficiency in High-Temperature Alloying via Sensor Fusion and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Abstract: Background Traditional high-temperature metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting and specialty alloy synthesis, are characterized by high energy consumption, stochastic variability, and reliance on post-process defect inspection. The inability to precisely monitor, model, and predict the real-time thermal, chemical, and mechanical state of molten metal and cooling substrates results in significant material waste and inconsistent microstructural integrity. Methodology This study introduces a novel framework for Cognitive Metallurgy utilizing an integrated …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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A Study on the Future of Industrial WastewaterTreatment Plant: Trends and Innovations
Abstract: Industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWWTPs) stand at the critical intersection of economic productivity and environmental sustainability. Unlike municipal sources, industrial effluent is characterized by extreme heterogeneity, containing highly variable concentrations of toxic heavy metals, recalcitrant organic compounds, suspended solids, and emerging contaminants. This complexity necessitates bespoke, multistage treatment trains, often combining physical, chemical, and advanced biological methods (e.g., membrane bioreactors, electrochemical oxidation, and anaerobic digestion). This analysis examines the contemporary …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Study of Heavy Metal ion adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater with the help of biomass and analysis of Mathematical Model
Abstract: The biofilm matrix is a mixture of secreted polymers, metabolites and nutrients ingested, lysis solution products, and even particle debris. This matrix, which is polyanionic by nature, is essential for the activated carbon of metal cations. In this study, the heavy metal adsorption mechanism in biofilms is modelled in one spatial dimension. The numerical method is a free-boundary value issue for nonlinear parabolic and quadratic partial differential equations. Parabolic equations …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 45–56 Read article
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Development of Smart Fire Extinguishing
Abstract: The invention of smart fire extinguishing agents, which satisfy the growing need for efficient, eco-friendly, and adaptable fire suppression systems, is a significant advancement in fire safety. Traditional fire extinguisher chemicals, such as water, foam, and chemical powders, are effective, but they often have disadvantages, including toxicity, negative environmental effects, and inefficiency in difficult situations. Conversely, smart extinguishing agents maximize fire suppression through intelligent, tailored responses by utilizing advancements in …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–19 Read article
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Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Air Compressor
Abstract: The first idea for powering the pump would be a stationary bicycle. Pedal power is simple, efficient, and practical. Its most familiar use is the bicycle for personal or cargo transportation. But pedals can also power small stationary machines. Since the system is to remain human powered and large amounts of power are required, having the operator use their stronger leg muscles was intuitive. A stationary pedal driven device seemed …
Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 21–29 Read article
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Optimization and Control of Evaporative Separation Processes
Abstract: Evaporative separation processes are widely used in various industries, including chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, and food and beverage processing, to separate components based on their vapor pressures. These processes involve the use of equipment such as distillation columns, evaporators, and membrane-based systems, and are critical for ensuring product quality and process efficiency. However, the complexity of evaporative separation processes and the inherent variability in feedstock composition and quality make it …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 27–31 Read article
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Preparation and Performance Evaluation of LDPE/Rice Starch Blend Composites by Extrusion Method
Abstract: Discarding synthetic polymers such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) used in food packaging ingredients is today considered a serious ecological threat because they are non-decomposable. The goal of this article is to create a decomposable polymer by incorporating a bio-polymer (starch) into its polymeric matrix. This article focuses on the preparation and characterization of rice starch (RS)-mixed LDPE decomposable polymer. In the first study, the effect of variability of RS content …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 1–22 Read article
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Sorption of Pb (II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) by synthesized nanocrystalline sodium potassium flurophlogopite (FGP)
Abstract: We have successfully synthesized nanocrystalline sodium potassium fluorophlogopite (FGP) crystals with controlled sizes from ≈ 25 nm to 100nm, using an organic tetrapropylammonium (TPA) hydroxide. We have been successfully synthesized material depends on the source of silicate and hydrothermal crystallization conditions. The synthesized materials were characterized by using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscopy and FTIR analysis. The use of sodium …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 41–49 Read article
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A Comparative Study of Seasonal Variability and Photocatalytic Impact on Water Quality of the Ayad River, Rajasthan
Abstract: This study examines seasonal fluctuation in Ayad River water quality, Rajasthan, India and compares the performance of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated photocatalytic treatment under natural sunlight irradiance. Ayad River is a critical source of freshwater for domestic, agricultural and environmental purposes, which is increasingly stressed by urban runoff, industrial effluent and seasonality. As a follow-up to the above, water samples of four important water sources- Thurmadar, Subhas Nagar Bridge (Ayad), Kanpur …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Application of Surface Water Quality Classification Models Using Principal Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Abstract: Water quality monitoring has one of the highest priorities in surface water protection policy. Many variety approaches are being used to interpret and analyze the concealed variables that determine the variance of observed water quality of various source points. A considerable proportion of these approaches are mainly based on statistical methods, multivariate statistical techniques in particular. In the present study, the use of multivariate techniques is required to reduce the …
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 19–31 Read article
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Effect of Al2O3 and CeO2 Nanocatalysts on Biodiesel Yield from Pine and Soapnut Oils
Abstract: Abstract This study examines the influence of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocatalysts on the biodiesel yield obtained from two non-edible oils: pine oil and soapnut oil. Both oils were extracted through mechanical pressing and converted into biodiesel using the transesterification process. To understand how different process conditions, affect biodiesel production, a Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was used. Three key variables—methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature—were analyzed to …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article