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1106 articles for “control”
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From Waves to Wires: The Story of AnalogSignals
Abstract: Analog signals form the foundation of how humans originally captured, communicated, and processed information in electronic devices. Characterized by their continuous fluctuation in amplitude, frequency, and phase, these signals readily replicate real-world phenomena such as sound, light, and temperature. This article covers the history of analog signals from their roots in natural waveforms to their implementation in electrical circuits and communication systems. It addresses essential topics such waveform representation, signal …
Published in International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–49 Read article
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The Enduring Impact and Future Trajectory of Semiconductor Temperature Sensing: A Study
Abstract: We live in a world obsessed with measurement, and temperature is its most intimate metric. It isthe difference between a thriving processor and a melted core, between a stable chemicalreaction and a catastrophic one, between a comfortable home and an inhospitable one. Fordecades, this measurement was the domain of mercury columns and bimetallic strips—physical,analog, and stubbornly limited. Then came the silent revolution: the semiconductor temperaturesensor. Semiconductor technology has revolutionized the …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Analytical Evaluation of heavy metals in eyeshadows: A Risk assessment and Implications for Public Health Regulatory Reforms in Nigeria
Abstract: This study employs advanced analytical techniques to assess heavy metal contamination (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn) in 18 commercially available eyeshadow products (local and imported) from Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria. Quantification was conducted using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), while risk evaluations incorporated chemometric modeling approaches. Results revealed significant contamination in locally manufactured brands, particularly those containing calabash chalk (Nzu) as a base ingredient. Lead and nickel concentrations reached 166.58 ± 6.5 …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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A Walkable Path to Reduce Transport Emission in Commercial Streets: A Case of Putlighar Market in Amritsar City
Abstract: Commercial areas, along with being nodes for economic activities, also act as public spaces supporting various social and recreational activities. The multi-faceted nature of commercial streets demands safe, secure, and comfortable spaces in commercial areas that can be conducive to the social aspect of this land use. Commercial areas are also nodes for carbon emissions, with transport-related emissions in commercial areas providing a significant contribution to the emission profile. This …
Published in International Journal of Town Planning and Management · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 10–21 Read article
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A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Students of Selected Nursing College of the District Malerkotla, Punjab
Abstract: Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving emergency procedure used when an individual’s breathing or heartbeat stops. It involves a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths aimed at sustaining blood flow to the brain and other vital organs until professional medical help is available. Methodology: The study followed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest approach. It was conducted at Ayaan College of Nursing, located in Malerkotla District, Punjab. …
Published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 24–29 Read article
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Diseases Among Women in Punjab: A Hospital-Based Study
Abstract: Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a major public health concern, disproportionately affecting women due to hormonal, genetic, and environmental influences. This hospital-based study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of ADs among women in Punjab, India. A total of 800 participants (680 cases, 120 controls) aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Inclusion criteria comprised confirmed AD diagnoses (per standard classification criteria), while exclusion criteria eliminated confounding conditions. Data on demographics, lifestyle, and …
Published in International Journal of Immunological Nursing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Improving Bag Technique Practices in Community Health Nursing to Prevent Infection and Enhance Care Quality
Abstract: The bag technique is a critical component of community health nursing that ensures safe, organized, and effective delivery of healthcare services during home visits. This method involves systematic use and upkeep of a public health bag stocked with essential clinical tools and supplies, enabling nurses to perform various procedures in community settings outside the hospital environment. Proper implementation of the bag technique is vital for preventing cross-contamination, reducing the risk …
Published in International Journal of Immunological Nursing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Anxiety and Physiological Parameters Among Elderly in Selected Old Home, Coimbatore
Abstract: An experimental study with a two-group pretest and posttest design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy on anxiety and physiological parameters among elderly adults residing in Annai Mother Therasa Old Age Home, Coimbatore. The study included 40 participants selected through simple random sampling and assigned equally to experimental and control groups. Data were collected using a Socio-Demographic Data Sheet, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and physiological measures, …
Published in International Journal of Geriatric Nursing · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 13–29 Read article
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THE STUDY OF DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY OF NINPs-PDMS
Abstract: Nickel–polydimethylsiloxane (Ni–PDMS) nanocomposites were fabricated to investigate the influence of metallic nanoparticle loading on the dielectric behavior of flexible polymer matrices. Nickel nanoparticles with controlled size distributions were dispersed in PDMS using solution blending and curing protocols optimized to minimize agglomeration. The dielectric permittivity and loss tangent of the resulting nanocomposites were measured across a broad frequency range (typically 10²–10⁶ Hz) and at varying filler volume fractions. Results show a …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 39–50 Read article
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STRATEGIC ADVANCEMENTS IN HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS: A SURVEY OF INTEGRATION AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION
Abstract: The growing global population has led to an increasing demand for energy, putting significant pressure on the limited reserves of non-renewable fossil fuels. Renewable energy technologies present a sustainable alternative, particularly for remote or off- grid areas where extending conventional power grids is economically unfeasible. Technologies for renewable energy have become a viable way to deal with these problems. In many parts of the world, resources like sun, wind, hydro, …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 16–22 Read article
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Robust Power Supply Design and Parameter Monitoring of Electrostatic Precipitator
Abstract: This paper focuses on the development of a high-performance power supply system tailored for electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) to improve their efficiency in industrial applications. The proposed system converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using an AC to DC converter, followed by a boost converter to elevate the output voltage to the levels required for effective ESP operation. The boost converter ensures the output voltage remains stable, compensating for …
Published in International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 62–68 Read article
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Smart Electricity Consumption Monitoring and Billing System
Abstract: Electricity consumption monitoring is essential for optimizing energy use and reducing costs. Traditional meters provide only cumulative readings, leading to inefficiencies and billing discrepancies. This research presents a smart electricity consumption monitoring and billing system that enables users to track real-time power usage and generate automated bills based on actual consumption. A hardware device measures voltage and current, calculates power consumption, and transmits data to a web-based platform via the …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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The Potential of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Loamy Soil Environment using Mint Leaf (Mentha Piperita)
Abstract: The investigation on the impact of locally sourced raw materials potential to enhanced remediation of crude oil contaminated soil environment using mint leaf (Mentha piperita) in powdered form was studied. experimental studies were conducted to examine the potential performance of both sun dried and room dried of the biostimulant used for the oil. The physicochemical properties of the crude oil, mint leaf in powder form and soil was determined as …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 77–78 Read article
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Comprehensive Review of Processes, Materials, Developments, and Challenges of Additive Manufacturing
Abstract: Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing as it is known widely, has evolved significantly from being a prototyping technology to an end-use production technique across different industrial sectors. This groundbreaking technology allows for the direct creation of intricate, user-designed, and high-performance components through sequential addition of material from digital models, which abolishes most of the design and production constraints of conventional manufacturing. Its application is underscored by its pivotal …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–24 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
Abstract: Abstract Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) combine metallic matrices with reinforcing phases (ceramics, intermetallics, fibers, or particles) to achieve superior mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties compared with monolithic metals. This review surveys fabrication routes, reinforcement types, microstructural characteristics, mechanical and tribological behavior, machining challenges, applications across aerospace, automotive, electronics, and future directions including additive manufacturing, in-situ MMCs, and data-driven materials design. Critical challenges such as interface control, scalability, cost, and machinability …
Published in International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Polymer-Based Composites in Orthopedic Applications: A Study
Abstract: The pursuit of ideal biomaterials in the field of orthopaedics is an ongoing process that is drivenby the requirement for improved biocompatibility, mechanical congruence with natural tissues,and long-term stability in vivo. Polymer-based composites, also known as PBCs, have emergedas highly attractive options. These composites offer a one-of-a-kind combination of features thatcan be customised, which addresses many of the constraints that are associated with standardceramic and metallic implants. The purpose of …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence for the Art and Science of Separation: Optimizing Chemical Systems
Abstract: Chemical separation processes play a critical role across chemical manufacturing, energy production, pharmaceuticals, and environmental remediation, yet they remain among the most energy-intensive operations in modern industry. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer transformative opportunities to significantly improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of these systems by leveraging computational power and data-driven insight. This article reviews the emerging integration of machine learning, data-driven modeling, and advanced optimization algorithms with …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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The Future of Radar Antenna Design: A Study
Abstract: Radar antennas are the critical interface between the electronic heart of a radar system and theelectromagnetic waves that probe the environment, acting as the system's "eyes and ears." Theirdesign is a multi-faceted engineering challenge, inherently balancing often-conflictingrequirements to optimize performance across incredibly diverse applications – from long-rangesurveillance and air traffic control to autonomous vehicle sensing and precise weatherforecasting. This abstract introduces the fundamental principles and intricate considerationsgoverning radar antenna design, …
Published in International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 43–51 Read article
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Optimizing Die Life in Hot Forging: A Comprehensive Review of Improvement Methods
Abstract: Abstract: The wear investigation on die inserts utilized in the hot forging method to create a yoke type forging—an element that makes up passenger car steering systems—is presented in this paper. In order to provide a quick and accurate wear examination of the forging tools (of complex forms), the investigation used an innovative reverse scanning technique that eliminates the need to remove the tools from the producing unit. The study …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 62–67 Read article
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e-Kidney Filtration System (EKS) Using Sensor: A Study
Abstract: This research presents the design and preliminary validation of an E-Kidney Filtration System (EKS), an innovative artificial kidney leveraging advanced sensor technology for precise and adaptable blood filtration. Traditional hemodialysis, while life-sustaining, is a passive process with inherent limitations in its ability to dynamically respond to individual patient needs and fluctuations in physiological parameters. EKS aims to overcome these limitations by integrating a suite of real-time biosensors and electrochemical sensors …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–40 Read article