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146 articles for “morphology”
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A Simple and Fast Skull Stripping Technique for Brain MR Images
Abstract: Skull stripping is an important aspect of study in the field of Medical image processing. It eliminates the present non-cerebral tissues from the MR image to improve the speed and accuracy of the algorithm. An unsupervised double segmentation based method has been proposed for faster processing. Threshold values required for double segmentation are obtained using the Otsu algorithm. This method avoids the conventional Morphological Opening and Morphological Closing operations to …
Published in International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Edge Detection of Image: A Programmatic Combination of M-B-P Operators
Abstract: Edges of an image can be represented by using various edge detectors with different approaches. Edge detection is a very fundamental part in image processing and computer vision. In this paper, an emerging edge detection approach which computes edges of different images using the programmatic combination of Morphological-Bergholm-Prewitt (M-B-P) edge detectors is presented. This approach can be used as framework for multi-scale edge detectors for a very wide range of …
Published in International Journal of Software Computing and Testing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 13–20 Read article
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Performance Comparison of Retinal Image Enhancement Techniques using Wavelet Transforms
Abstract: Retinal picture getting ready is indispensable in the medical field. Retinal overseeing and picture update are crucial here. At the first stage, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to enhance the image. Here, each sub band is processed differently to enhance the image. Since the issues in retinal image are dazzling and complicated to revive, we can execute the picture of solid retinal image for improvement estimation through a twofold …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Effect of Polystyrene Nanoparticles from Recycled Waste Material on the Properties of Asphalt
Abstract: There is growing concern in many parts of the world over the increasing stress placed on the asphaltic material used to pave streets, highways, and runways due to higher traffic volumes and climatic and other environmental factors (e.g., heat, storms, ultraviolet radiation). Adding asphalt modifiers (e.g., polymers) on both the micro and macro scales has improved this material’s physical and rheological properties, but recent research, especially in the field of …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 37–50 Read article
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A Review on Modified TiO2 Nanostructured Materials in DSSC
Abstract: Dye sensitized solar cells DSSCs emerged as a new class of low cost energy conversion devices with simple manufacturing procedures and environmentally friendly character.TiO2 controls the light harvesting and confinement properties of the cell, in addition to preventing charge recombination and promoting charge transport toward the anode. These last two parameters are major factors in determining the charge collection efficiency. The particle size and shape, crystallinity, surface morphology and chemistry …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 10–21 Read article
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Controlled Texture of Magnetron Sputtered Transparent Conducting ZnO: Al Films for Solar Cell Applications
Abstract: Textured transparent and conducting ZnO:Al films were prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering on glass substrate at a temperature 3500C under Ar and Ar+O2 gas ambient. ZnO:Al thin films shows a minimum electrical resistivity of (~8.210-4 Ω-cm), and high optical transmittance (T~86–90% average) in visible region. With increasing of oxygen concentration ZnO:Al films become more compact, stoichiometric and becomes more electrically resistive. ZnO:Al shows hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structure with strong (002) orientations. …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 12–19 Read article
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Synthesis & Characterization of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Thermal Sensing Application
Abstract: n this work, Synthesis and characterization of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method has been done. These nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA/DSC). SEM image show morphology and porosity of material. The nanoparticles show quasi-spherical morphology with mean size around 37 nm. The XRD and FTIR confirmed the functionalization of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. …
Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Effect of Coupling Agent on Organoclay Dispersion in Polyethylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites for Packaging Industry
Abstract: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the most widely used polymers in various fields, but due to the hydrophobic nature of LDPE, it is hard to prepare an LDPE/clay nanocomposite. In this article, an LDPE/organoclay nanocomposite, which can be used in the packaging industry, was prepared by melt-blending organoclay with a polymer matrix (LDPE) and compatibilizer, low molecular weight oxidized polyethylene. The influences of organoclay, and compatibilizer during melt mixing …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF PVA CAPPED ZINC INDIUM SELENIDE NANOPARTICLES UNDER UV LIGHT IRRADIATION USING METHYL RED DYE
Abstract: In this work, we report the structural morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of polymer capped zinc indium selenide nanoparticles, which have been synthesized by solvothermal method. PVA is acted as capping agent. The PVA capped zinc indium selenide nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM with EDAX, AFM, TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The structural properties of PVA capped zinc indium selenide nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 41–51 Read article
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Low temperature plasma treatment of polymeric membranes: a comparative review
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study of plasma surface modification of various polymeric membranes. Low temperature plasma treatment using pulsed direct current discharge of different gases was employed to enhance hydrophilicity of membranes. Radio frequency discharge of various gases was used to improve surface properties of different polymeric membranes. The enhancement of hydrophilicity of the plasma modified membrane surface was evaluated by measuring the contact angle. The membranes were characterized …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–19 Read article
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Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers
Abstract: Plant-derived natural fiber as a reinforcing component can play a prevalent role in the field of fiber reinforced polymer composite due to their obtainability, environmentally friendly, renewability, low- density, and low cost. Golden fiber (jute fiber)/coconut fiber can be a potential candidate to replace the synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composite. The influences of chemical treatments such as mercerization, sodium lauryl sulfate and a combination of mercerization and sodium lauryl sulfate …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 34–44 Read article
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Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles using Urtica dioica Plant Leaf Extract
Abstract: The green synthesis of nanoparticles by biological systems, particularly plant extracts, has become an emerging area of nanotechnologies. Nano materials have wide range application in various fields such as electronics, optics, material science and bio medical science due to their size and morphology. Zinc oxide is a versatile semiconductors material and has attractive properties like wideband gap (3.2eV) large exciton biding energy, high stability and environmental friendly material. The synthesis …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 44–57 Read article
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Classification of Fetal ECG Arrhythmia by Using Advance Hybrid Deep Learning Technique CNN-LSTM
Abstract: Fetal heart abnormalities, particularly fetal heart arrhythmias, are becoming an increasing concern in maternal healthcare. Early and accurate detection remains challenging due to limitations in conventional diagnostic techniques and inadequate signal processing methods. Existing studies have applied various machine learning and deep learning approaches; however, capturing the complex characteristics of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signals remains a significant gap. This study proposes an advanced deep learning-based approach for detecting fetal heart …
Published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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Sonochemical Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles:Process Fundamentals, Scale-Up Challenges, andIndustrial Opportunities
Abstract: The sonochemical synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) has emerged as a powerful and widely investigated strategy in nanomaterials research, owing to the unique physicochemical conditions generated during ultrasonic irradiation. Acoustic cavitation induced by sonication produces transient microenvironments characterized by extremely high local temperatures, pressures, and rapid cooling rates, which collectively enable efficient reduction of copper precursors into nanoscale particles. These conditions cannot be easily achieved through conventional synthetic routes, …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 37–43 Read article
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The Economical Managements Model of Corrosion Protection of Materials
Abstract: Corrosion affects many sectors, including industries, railways, transportation systems, marine environments, construction, housing components, engineering tools, metallic structures, and even biomedical implants. Due to corrosion, major financial losses occur in these fields. Corrosion takes place because of changes in the internal morphology of materials, or the attack of corrosive substances present in the environment. These unfavorable physical, chemical, and biochemical reactions lead to various forms of corrosion such as galvanic …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Virgin-Recycled Thermoplastic Matrix Systems as Engineered Composite Materials: A Compositional Framework for Mechanical Property Retention in Secondary Polymer Supply Chains
Abstract: Virgin-to-recycled thermoplastic resin blends, while conventionally treated as simple two- component mixtures in secondary polymer supply chains, exhibit compositional and morphological characteristics that are more accurately described using the framework of engineered composite matrix systems. This paper presents a compositional framework for understanding and predicting mechanical property retention in virgin-recycled polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix systems, developed through more than twenty years of commercial secondary polymer distribution practice …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Effect of Nano-Fillers on the Mechanical and Fracture Behavior of Polymer Composite Matrices: A Review
Abstract: The modification of polymer composite matrices through the incorporation of nano-scale fillers has become a prominent and highly effective strategy for enhancing mechanical performance, stiffness, and fracture resistance. Unlike conventional micro-scale reinforcements, nano-fillers possess exceptionally high surface area–to–volume ratios and unique physicochemical characteristics that significantly influence interfacial phenomena within the polymer matrix. Materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), nano-silica, and layered silicate nanoclays, introduce advanced toughening mechanisms …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Catalytic Applications of Carbon Nanodots
Abstract: Carbon nanodots (CNDs) owing to their hydrophilicity and multifunctionality and with ultrasmall size exhibit metal-like properties resulting in astounding catalytic performance. These nanostructures, typically less than 10 nm in diameter, possess unique physicochemical and electronic characteristics including tunable photoluminescence, high surface-to-volume ratio, abundant surface functional groups, and excellent electron transfer capabilities. Such properties have driven extensive global research into their application in heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Recent advances in synthesis …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Modern Molecular Breeding Approaches in Apiaceae for Enhanced Agronomic Performance
Abstract: The Apiaceae family, including economically vital crops like dill, coriander, and fennel, faces significant productivity constraints due to narrow genetic diversity and slow conventional breeding. This study presents a robust molecular breeding framework integrating RAPD and SSR markers to accelerate genetic improvement. Five diverse germplasm accessions were evaluated across morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters. Molecular analysis revealed substantial polymorphism, with SSR markers demonstrating high informativeness (average PIC = 0.73). Notably, …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 19–36 Read article
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Intelligent Trajectories: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Next Generation Missile and Propellant Design
Abstract: The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has unlocked transformative pathways for high-performance aerospace engineering, yet its integration into missile and propellant design remains nascent. This study investigates a hybrid AI-driven framework that unites physics-based modeling, data-centric learning, and multi-objective optimization to accelerate the conception, validation, and refinement of missile airframes and solid-propellant formulations. First, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) is trained on a curated database of historic missile geometries, …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–26 Read article