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152 articles for “bio-composites”
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Effect of Al2O3 and CeO2 Nanocatalysts on Biodiesel Yield from Pine and Soapnut Oils
Abstract: Abstract This study examines the influence of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocatalysts on the biodiesel yield obtained from two non-edible oils: pine oil and soapnut oil. Both oils were extracted through mechanical pressing and converted into biodiesel using the transesterification process. To understand how different process conditions, affect biodiesel production, a Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was used. Three key variables—methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature—were analyzed to …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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A Review on Potential Uses and Characterization of Okra Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Abstract: The environment, ecology, and new rules from the government agencies are major concerns in the quick-paced society. As a result, scientists and researchers are searching for natural fiber reinforced composites that are biodegradable and renewable. Natural fibers have undeniable advantages over synthetic fibers, including low density, equivalent strength, non-toxicity, low cost, and minimal waste disposal issues. The possible uses of natural fibers have been thoroughly investigated by researchers. But in …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 22–33 Read article
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Polymer-Based Composites in Orthopedic Applications: A Study
Abstract: The pursuit of ideal biomaterials in the field of orthopaedics is an ongoing process that is drivenby the requirement for improved biocompatibility, mechanical congruence with natural tissues,and long-term stability in vivo. Polymer-based composites, also known as PBCs, have emergedas highly attractive options. These composites offer a one-of-a-kind combination of features thatcan be customised, which addresses many of the constraints that are associated with standardceramic and metallic implants. The purpose of …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Polymer-Based Composites in Orthopedic Applications: A Study
Abstract: The pursuit of ideal biomaterials in the field of orthopaedics is an ongoing process that is drivenby the requirement for improved biocompatibility, mechanical congruence with natural tissues,and long-term stability in vivo. Polymer-based composites, also known as PBCs, have emergedas highly attractive options. These composites offer a one-of-a-kind combination of features thatcan be customised, which addresses many of the constraints that are associated with standardceramic and metallic implants. The purpose of …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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A Review on Water Treatment by Nanotechnology Based Membrane Materials
Abstract: Nanotechnology offers novel nanomaterials having a good potential for the surface, ground and wastewater treatment contaminants using different technologies. Performance of membrane technology is based upon the type and size of material, and novel nano-structured materials range from 4 nm to 100 nm. Among the numerous 3D nanoparticles having high potential applications, nanostructured coated ceramic membranes, nanocomposite, TFC, carbon nano tubes (CNT), zeolite, silicate and mixed matrix membranes are considered …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 43–54 Read article
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NATURAL FIBRE REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES BASED ON SESAME OIL
Abstract: ABSTRACT Epoxy sheet and its composites were obtained by epoxidised resin and coir fibres respectively. Epoxidisedresin were prepared by condensing sesame oil using hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid as catalyst. The resin was characterisedby spectral studies such as FT-IR and Solvent Absorptivity Percentage of Epoxy Resin and its Composites.The epoxy composites have higher solvent absorptivity percentage in the solvents when compared to that of epoxy resin. The epoxy composites …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 38–40 Read article
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Chemical Engineering Analysis of Polymer Composite Creation Using Sawdust, Sharp
Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is known for its general adoption for its lightweight and flexibility and durability nature. It is non-biodegradable and contributes majorly to water and land pollution. The amount of plastic-generated waste is increasing extensively following its usefulness there and the inability of users to properly dump or recycle it has resulted in a big threat to the environment. In this research work an attempt has been made to …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 17–29 Read article
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Mechanical Characteristics of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Hybrid Fibers: Fabrication and Evaluation
Abstract: The goal of current research is to replace synthetic materials with natural, biodegradable, and renewable ones. A lot of study is being done on natural fiber composites because of its unique properties and environmental friendliness. Natural fibers are advantageous since they are easily accessible, manageable, and biodegradable. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the changes in the mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced with chopped pineapple leaf and …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 20–31 Read article
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Experimental Study on the Surface Properties of Coconut Husk Fiber and Banana Fiber Treated with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Abstract: The focus of modern research is on using natural, biodegradable, and renewable materials in place of synthetic ones. Composites made from natural fibers are undergoing extensive research because of their unusual characteristics and eco-friendliness. Natural fibers have the benefits of being readily available, simple to handle, and biodegradable. One of the best ways to improve the mechanical characteristics of polymer is to reinforce it with natural fibers. With hybrid composites, …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 13–24 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite-Pectin-Alginate Hybrid and Bionanocomposite
Abstract: It is a one pot synthesis of hybrid bionanocomposite comprising of inorganic magnetite with stabilizer biopolymer pectin and alginate in co-precipitation method using sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide as precipitating agents. A lot of comparison and investigation has been done in particle size of nanocomposite by changing the stoichiometric ratio of both magnetite and biopolymer concentration and drying condition of composite. The nanocomposite has been characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 18–22 Read article
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Royal Jelly: A Brief Review of Nano and Micro Carriers and Potential Applications
Abstract: Royal Jelly, a bioactive substance known for its rich composition of proteins, lipids, and minerals, possesses significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its instability in the presence of light, heat, and oxygen limits its practical applications. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, mainly using nanoparticles combined with microencapsulation techniques, have shown promise in enhancing royal jelly’s stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. This brief review explores encapsulated royal jelly’s biological effects and …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 34–48 Read article
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Improvement of mechanical properties of recycled polyethylene with utilization of bio-filler
Abstract: Nowadays, the consumption of plastics all over the world has been tremendously growing, which is culminating into large amount of waste plastic material. It is believed that the management of solid waste is one of the major environmental concerns in the world. Due to limited space on landfills and increasing costs of plastics, utilization of waste plastics has become an attractive alternative for disposal. This research work describes the preparation …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 18–26 Read article
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Experimental Investigation of Jatropha, Karanja, Mahua and Polanga oils based biodiesel using Analysis of Variance
Abstract: The paper focused on application of ANOVA in predicting statistical model of four non-edible oils based biodiesel using design expert 6.0.8 tool. The response surface methodology using Central composite rotatable design is applied to design the experiments and the biodiesel yield of Jatropha, Karanja, Mahua, Polanga oils is to be measured. The optimum process parameters for biodiesel yield are predicted through desirability approach. It has been observed that a design …
Published in International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Interfacial Engineering and Performance Optimization of Jute-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Laminates
Abstract: The increasing environmental concerns associated with synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites have driven substantial research interest toward naturally derived, biodegradable fiber alternatives. This study presents a comprehensive mechanical and thermal characterization of jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites fabricated via hand lay-up followed by compression molding. Jute fibers were subjected to alkali treatment using 5 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 4 hours at ambient temperature to enhance fiber–matrix interfacial bonding …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 52–64 Read article
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Unity in Diversity: How Constituents Create Better Composites
Abstract: Composite materials have changed modern engineering by combining the bestqualities of their individual parts to make something stronger, lighter, and moredurable than any one part could be on its own. This paper examines the notionof "unity in diversity" concerning composite materials, highlighting how theamalgamation of distinct constituent phases—usually a matrix and areinforcement—yields synergistic qualities that single-phase materials cannotachieve. The matrix holds the reinforcement in place and protects it, while thereinforcement …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Unity in Diversity: How Constituents Create Better Composites
Abstract: Composite materials have changed modern engineering by combining the bestqualities of their individual parts to make something stronger, lighter, and moredurable than any one part could be on its own. This paper examines the notionof "unity in diversity" concerning composite materials, highlighting how theamalgamation of distinct constituent phases—usually a matrix and areinforcement—yields synergistic qualities that single-phase materials cannotachieve. The matrix holds the reinforcement in place and protects it, while thereinforcement …
Published in International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Response Surface Methodology in the Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil and Cellobiose by Acid Catalysis in Non-solvent Medium
Abstract: Cellobiose, rich in hydroxyl (OH) functional groups was used in a solventless transesterification process with Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) to produce high-quality biodiesel and glycerol. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to examine the effect of reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and cellobiose: oil ratio to optimize the process parameters for highpurity and yield of consequent biodiesel. The process was an acid-catalyzed transesterification reacton of Palm Kernel Oil and …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–22 Read article
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Mechanical Behavior of Calotropis Gigantea FruitBunch Fiber-Epoxy Composites
Abstract: Global warming solutions in the modern era are centered on substituting environmentally friendly biodegradable materials for fossil fuels to slow down the rate at which they are being depleted. The study literature supports the use of substitute materials for plastics in the creation of composite materials, and this work envisions the use of Calotropis gigantea fruit bunch fiber as one such substitute material. Since Calotropis gigantea fruit bunch fiber is …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 45–58 Read article
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Zinc oxide/Chitosan biocompatible nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and its use in Congo red dye photodegradation
Abstract: Zinc oxide/chitosan biocompatible nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X ray Flurescence spectroscopy (EDAX) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photocatalytic efficiency and photostability of the sample was investigated systematically for Congo red degradation under solar light irradiation. UV-vis Spectroscopy was employed to investigate the optical properties and photocatalysis behavior of the Zinc …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 27–39 Read article
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Chemical Processes in Leather Tanning: Bridging Conventional Methods with Bio-Leather Technologies
Abstract: The leather industry, known for its extensive use of chemical processes, is undergoing a significant transformation with the introduction of sustainable practices and bio-derived materials. This study explores advancements in the chemical synthesis and reactions involved in leather production, focusing on both traditional and innovative approaches. Traditional tanning processes, which often involve chromium and other chemicals, are contrasted with emerging bio-leather technologies that utilize renewable resources to minimize environmental impact. …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 36–41 Read article