Search
539 articles for “composition”
-
Spatial Occupations within A Courtyard: A Case of ‘Traditional Bada Typology’ in Historic City of Gwalior
Abstract: Courtyard typology is extensively in practice from traditional times notably in India, being rich in various aspects and implications exhibiting various activities. Beside the present congestion of solid monotonous development pattern of the city, courtyards due to its inward form, creates a placid environment as a void inside the built form which proves to be better place to perform various day to day activities. Currently, with the still growing population, …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 21–29 Read article
-
Conservation of the Architectural Aspects in the Heritage Precincts of Amritsar
Abstract: The city of Amritsar showcases the composite culture and has evolved as a historic city in differentphases and various historical eras representing the association with some of the prominent figures ofthe region, typified by historic buildings and various sites in the precincts of the city. Amritsar isslowly and steadily losing the importance of its historical and cultural value. Well known for itsmultitude of values and various architectural styles which include …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 32–39 Read article
-
Planning, Development and Management of Sustainable Cities: A Review
Abstract: Cities are the most affected indicators of human activities on the surface of the earth. These human-dominated things, i.e., cities destroy natural habitats, streamline species composition, upset hydrological systems, and adjust energy flow and nutrient cycling. Today, these significant impacts of human activities, initiated from population increase, rapid urbanization, high private motor vehicle dependency, deregulated industrialization and mass livestock production, are increasing exponentially and causing great deal of environmental, social, …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 19–24 Read article
-
An Appraisal on Stylistic Approach of the Senate Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Abstract: In actual sense, perception of style and qualities of the styles connotes greater meaning in architectural field, as well it can change with time. These perceptions vary and differ among people, and will not stop professionals from basic appraisals, and some sort of reasonable questions about the formations of styles. Therefore, style in the field of architecture and other related discipline is viewed as a central base for argument among …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–8 Read article
-
Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in Building Rehabilitation Projects
Abstract: Productivity is a very challenging aspect and momentous concern in construction industry because it controls the overall project performance. Complications are typically related to the labour performance. In the construction sector, there are several internal and external aspects that are variables and are terribly troublesome to predict. Also, this results to never-ending deviation in productivity of labours we tend to come through at sites, so it’s momentous to assure decrease …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 13–34 Read article
-
Northern Contemporary Palaces: A Tool of Promoting Hausa Architectural Identity
Abstract: The origins of buildings started with the origins of human tradition in a society and their peaceful coexistence. Therefore, culture and tradition as a starting point of every human settlement have a potential of architectural identity as well foster significant visual image that embodies physical and symbolic meanings. However, in a communal settlement, architecture usually signified the identity of a place that generate pleasant appearance which in all cases excite …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 29–45 Read article
-
Wastewater Treatment by Phytorid Method
Abstract: In present scenario, disposal of sewage is a major problem around the globe. One of the principal causes is the increase in the level of pollutants and the heterogeneity of sewage water. Various sources of sewage generation are residential societies, industrial areas, commercial zones etc. Each zone contains a specific composition of sewage. Instead of source segregation, we are still following the traditional way of mixing everything and sending it …
Published in International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 29–50 Read article
-
Assessment of the Impact of Transportation on Sustainability: Case of Ayodhya City
Abstract: Based on changes in the three sustainability pillars of environmental, economic, and social sustainability, the present research suggest a methodology for assessing the impact of various modes of transportation. The procedure comprises calculating the Composite Sustainability Index (CSI) before and after the adoption of a transportation policy using a variety of sustainability pillar indicators.We added metrics for air pollution, resource consumption, health, accessibility, mobility, commuting, and cost. The impact of …
Published in International Journal of Town Planning and Management · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
On the Role of Phytomelioration in Improving the Fertility of Degraded Soils in Azerbaijan
Abstract: The article deals with the study of the actual state of the soil of the object of study, about the degree of their susceptibility to erosion in the example of winter pastures in the Shamakhi region. It is proved that the water constants of these soils, moisture capacity and their ability to retain the available moisture for plants are reduced by several orders of magnitude. It is determined that soil …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 29–31 Read article
-
Impact of Secondary Metabolism on Therapeutic Efficacy of Medicinal Plants
Abstract: Medicinal plants constitute main resource base of almost all the traditional healthcare systems. Most of the herbal drugs produced currently in majority of the developing countries lack proper quality specification and standards. Both the raw drugs and the finished herbal products manufactured contain complex mixtures of organic compounds, such as fatty acids, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenes, etc. The quality of the finished product is based on …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 6–12 Read article
-
Metals from Plantation to Search Toxicity
Abstract: Ascent of sap by plant tissues absorbs chemical complexes for ingrowth. Trace elemental complexes have been as require by successive growth strategies as per standards. Therefore, heavy elements in soil compositions have adhered other than morphological, which have been either in excess or others under composed variations. Soil content ever has studied to be primary issue to assess the possibilities of polluting elemental containment. Examples are innumerable; however some of …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–9 Read article
-
INFLUENCE OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS ON GROWTH OF CHINESE CABBAGE AS A BIOSTIMULANT
Abstract: In this article products derived from a blue-green microalgae filtrate of Spirulina platensis (used for seed soaking and foliar spray) were tested in the cultivation of microgreen Chinese cabbage or bok choy or Brassica rapa spp chinensis. The effect of shoot length, root length, multielemental composition was studied using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, multielemental analyses of algal products and chinese cabbage were conducted inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 22–30 Read article
-
Antimicrobial Activity of Waste Pulp of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limetta
Abstract: An antimicrobial is a substance which kills or inhibits the growth of different types of micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi or protozoans. Citrus fruit products act as antimicrobial agents against the bacteria and the fungus. Citrus fruits belong to the family Rutaceae. The main objective was to determine the antimicrobial activity of Citrus sinensis waste pulp and to determine the antimicrobial activity of Citrus limetta waste pulp. The citrus pulp …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 11–22 Read article
-
A Review on Water Treatment by Nanotechnology Based Membrane Materials
Abstract: Nanotechnology offers novel nanomaterials having a good potential for the surface, ground and wastewater treatment contaminants using different technologies. Performance of membrane technology is based upon the type and size of material, and novel nano-structured materials range from 4 nm to 100 nm. Among the numerous 3D nanoparticles having high potential applications, nanostructured coated ceramic membranes, nanocomposite, TFC, carbon nano tubes (CNT), zeolite, silicate and mixed matrix membranes are considered …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 43–54 Read article
-
Harvesting of Solar Energy in Nanotechnology
Abstract: Nanotechnology is an impressive technology that resolved the energy related problem to provides a wide range of resources. Many appliances and increasing mechanism may be less as compared to 100 nm, for this purpose it provides an innovative tradition in the direction of storation, catch in addition to convert the power through different mechanism. The sun has an enormous quantity of a force that may be obtained from side to …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 15–26 Read article
-
Review on Development of Ethosomal Formulation of Ginger
Abstract: Transdermal drug delivery, self-contained, discrete dosage forms which, when applied to the skin, deliver the drug, through the skin at controlled rate to the systemic circulation. Ethosomes, noninvasive delivery carriers that enable drugs to reach deep into the skin layers or the systemic circulation which is made up of phospholipids, ethanol and water. This review article summarizes structure, advantages, disadvantages, composition of ethosomes and mechanism of drug penetration, method of …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 8–14 Read article
-
Effect of Palm Sugar (Arenga pinnata) and Jaggery (Saccharam officinarum) on Qualitative Characteristics and Sensory Attributes of Ice Cream
Abstract: The Diabetic products demand has increased very fast due to awareness in consumers about the benefits of the products for sound health. It is estimated that around 8-12% of the global population buys diabetic products on regular basis. Sweeteners used to make sugar, palm sugar, and jaggery powder differ from one another. Hazardous substances such phosphoric acid, calcium oxide, sulphur dioxide, polyacrylamide, and bone char are utilised in the production …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 11–19 Read article
-
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BROWNTOP MILLET AND EVALUATION OF ITS SUITABILITY IN PRODUCT FORMULATION
Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the physicochemical properties of Browntop millet, comparing it with refined wheat flour and evaluation of its suitability in product formulation. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein, fat and crude fiber) and functional properties (solubility, swelling power, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity andbulk density) were studied using AACC standard methods. The product bread was formulated by replacement of refined wheat flour of different levels …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 18–27 Read article
-
Study of Phosphorous oxide (P2O5) and Iron oxide (Fe2O3) in rock phosphate of Hazara basin of Pakistan
Abstract: Pakistan is an agricultural economy country that relies on fertilizers. Among these fertilizers, phosphatic fertilizers play a vital role in plant growth and soil fertility. The efficiency of fertilizers depends on the quality of rock composition. Assessment of rock phosphate from different areas of hazara division of Pakistan is done. Analyses showed that these sources contained P2O5 from 19to 30% and Fe2O3 from 0.80 to 2.51%. Deposits of Qalandar Abad …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 46–51 Read article
-
Assessment on Handling of Faba Bean Grains (Vicia faba L) and Distribution of Bruchids in North Western Amhara, Ethiopia
Abstract: Due to its high protein content, the faba bean can be used in place of meat. It is a significant pulse crop in the world. An assessment was conducted in Eastern and Western Gojjam Administrative to know faba bean grains’ damage level, bruchids distribution and species composition. Two districts wereselected from each Administrative. Two Peasant Associations (PAs) were also selected from each District while five farmers were randomly selected from …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 31–41 Read article