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218 articles for “labor.”
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Industrial Revolution – A Transition for or Against Mission of Arts and Crafts Movement
Abstract: Art and Crafts movement began primarily as a search for authentic and meaningful styles as a reaction to the soulless machine-made production. The legendaries consider machine to be the root cause of reducing the role of artists and architects in the society. Industrial Revolution was a response to shift from labor intensive economy to capital intensive economy. Quantum production happened due to Industrial revolution, increasing socio economic conditions (Crawford, 1997). …
Published in International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Experimental Demonstration on the Recording of Capillary-Filled Microfluidic Devices Fabricated by Polymeric Material
Abstract: In this present experimental work, total 52 individual PMMA microfluidic devices are fabricated by maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography and direct bonding technique in a cleanroom laboratory. The selected working liquids are dyed water, dyed aqueous ethanol and dyed aqueous isopropyl alcohol and are prepared in a materials-science laboratory. Fabricated microfluidic devices are tested by the prepared aqueous working liquids, and each capillary-filled device after the surface-driven microfluidic flow is …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 31–41 Read article
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Assessing the Implementation of Building Management Systems During the Operational Phase and Its Impact on Operational Costs
Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of Building Management Systems (BMS) on operational costs, focusing on energy efficiency, maintenance, labor optimization, and ROI. The study, employing a mixed-methods approach, found that BMS significantly reduce energy consumption, with 80% of respondents reporting energy savings of 11–30%, primarily through optimized HVAC and lighting controls. Additionally, BMS improved maintenance efficiency, reducing unscheduled maintenance by up to 97% and cutting maintenance costs by up to …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 25–38 Read article
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Sustainable Labware Solutions: A Study of Biodegradable Modified Polypropylene for Sterilization‑Resistance
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of incorporating a 1‑3% by weight of biodegradable additive into polypropylene (PP) using twin‑screw extrusion, followed by injection molding to prepare test specimens. The effects of the additive on the rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of PP were investigated, along with the impact of two common sterilization methods: autoclave (121°C, 15 min, 0.11 MPa) and electron beam (E-Beam, 50 kGy) irradiation. The results showed …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 Read article
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Review on Preventive Instructions for Controlling Infectious Diseases
Abstract: The pathogens of infection are transmitted in health care centers in various ways and from a variety of sources such as air, water, food, insects, and rodents and possibly animals such as cats, patients themselves, medical personnel, visitors, cleaners, surfaces, tools and devices. Tools and surfaces are a major source of infection transmission, and a recent study showed that a large percentage of the phones of health sector workers showed …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 22–28 Read article
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RUTTING EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS MIXES USING WHEEL LOAD TESTERS
Abstract: Abstract: Permanent deformation also known as rutting, is the major mode of distress affecting the service life and performance of bituminous pavements. Rutting occurs due to excessive stresses on subgrade, inadequate strength of bituminous mix, inadequate thickness of pavement layers or poor construction methods. Among these causes, quality of bituminous mix is one of the main factors that contribute towards rutting failure.There are several test methods like Uniaxial tests, Triaxial …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 41–46 Read article
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Short Review on the Classification of Micromixers
Abstract: Miniaturisation of micron-scale devices produces advantages in analytical chemistry and life science. Micromixers are being used in modern microfluidic systems to facilitate the laboratory-scale operation in small microchips towards the production of microfluidic laboratory-on-a-chip systems for global-market. Polymers are proved to be suitable materials for the fabrication of micromixers. Passive micromixers have the advantage of simple designs and low cost of fabrication. Micromixers have the applications in analytical chemistry and …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 1–3 Read article
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Assessment of Agricultural Mechanization Utilization Status and Analysis of Productivity and Wage Employment at Siltie Zone, Central Ethiopia
Abstract: There was no alternative solution except the utilization of farm machinery to enhance crop productivity. While in Ethiopia, the level of usage of agricultural machinery remains quite low and heavily relies on traditional power sources. Therefore, assessing, understanding the fundamental roots and their effect on agricultural productivity was crucial. Using data collected from a household survey of 240 farmers in four major wheat and maize producing districts of the Siltie …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Human-Intensive Snow Disposal and Elderly Residents of Toyama Prefecture
Abstract: A human-intensive (labor-intensive) snow disposal issue at Toyama prefecture is reported herein. Recently, the aging of population has come to pose a severe difficulty in Toyama prefecture, Japan. After two or three decades, almost cities in Toyama prefecture will become quasi-marginal or marginal societies. Aging populations have already become a difficulty throughout the world. Japan is in vanguard of aging population worldwide. Many social issues are expected to occur in …
Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 25–41 Read article
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Design and Development of Vibration Apparatus to Study Human Body Vibration
Abstract: As there is abundance of labor, they are treated as disposable beings and their lives are not valued. This happens because on one hand, countries like Canada, England, etc. which have guidelines like the A(8) methodology for working on such machines which restrict the worker for working on a machine over a fixed amount of time but in India there are no ISO standards for how much time a labor …
Published in International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 15–31 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of IoT-Enabled RC Boats for Real-Time Water Pollution Monitoring
Abstract: For all people today, drinking water is the most significant and precious resource. Real-time operations present new difficulties for drinking water utilities. Due to factors including dwindling water supplies, population growth, deteriorating infrastructure, etc., this problem developed. Better methods of checking the quality of the water are therefore required. The traditional approach to measuring water quality entails manually collecting water samples at various sites, followed by laboratory analytical procedures to …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 20–27 Read article
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To Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Specimen Transportation among Hospital Attenders in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences
Abstract: The accuracy of laboratory testing procedures is crucial to the proper diagnosis and treatment of the patient. Delay in the transportation of blood samples to the laboratory may cause alteration in test results. The present study was aimed to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Specimen Transportation among Hospital Attenders in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science. Study was conducted among hospital attender in medical wards, surgical wards, and critical …
Published in International Journal of Medical Surgical Nursing · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 48–51 Read article
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A Sensor-Based Soil Monitoring System for Better Crop Harvesting
Abstract: Crop productivity is strongly affected by soil health, environmental conditions, and the availability of timely and accurate monitoring data. Traditional soil testing and crop assessment methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. They also lack real-time capabilities, which limits efficient agricultural decision-making. This paper proposes an IoT-enabled smart soil monitoring and crop management system that provides real-time analysis of important soil and environmental parameters to improve agricultural productivity. The proposed system uses …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Bio-stimulation with Fresh Avocado Seed for Crude Oil Remediation: Experimental and Bio-kinetic Modelling
Abstract: The remediation of crude oil-contaminated soils requires sustainable and cost-effective solutions. This study investigates the performance of fresh avocado seed (Persea americana) as a biostimulant for the remediation of Bonny Light crude oil-contaminated soil from the Kalarugbana community, Niger Delta. A 56-day laboratory-scale experiment was conducted using bioreactors containing 1 kg of soil contaminated with 100 ml of crude oil and treated with different volumes of fresh avocado seed slurry …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 68–76 Read article
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Design and Implementation of Autonomous Robots for Crack Detection in Dam Walls: Analyzing Vision-Based Algorithms and Structural Health Monitoring
Abstract: AbstractThe maintenance of dam walls is critical to ensure structural integrity, safety, and efficient water management. Cracks and other structural deficiencies can lead to severe consequences if left undetected. Traditional inspection methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and often hazardous, necessitating the development of autonomous systems for effective monitoring. This study focuses on the design and implementation of autonomous robots equipped for crack detection in dam walls, with an emphasis on vision-based …
Published in International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 14–26 Read article
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Cost-Effective Smart Surveillance Using ESP32 and Cloud Connectivity
Abstract: The world is expanding quickly, which has led to an increase in attacks and burglaries. As a result, having a trustworthy and efficient surveillance security system is now essential to meeting all security requirements and improving the quality of human life. Computers and CCTV cameras are used in the current security systems. Along with requiring a lot of memory due to continuous recording and the labor-intensive nature of detecting unauthorized …
Published in International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital integrated circuits · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Photosynthesis at high altitude: A case study in Trans Himalayan region
Abstract: Photosynthesis is the basis of life on earth that converts light energy into chemical energy and is the primary component of crop yield. Significant increase in crop yield by enhancing photosynthesis can answer to global food security. With the increase in population size and limited land availability, efforts have been made to grow crops in tough terrains like high altitude areas. As one ascends a mountain, environmental conditions such as …
Published in International Journal of Plant Biotechnology · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 25–34 Read article
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Experimental Studies on the Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Ethylene Glycol in Polymer Microfluidic Devices
Abstract: In this experimental work, three individual microfluidic devices are fabricated by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) using maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography and direct bonding technique. Straight microchannel having uniform width along entire channel length is the chosen design of microchannels before fabrication. Dyed ethylene glycol is prepared and used as working liquid. Effect of channel aspect ratio on surface-driven capillary flow of dyed ethylene glycol is studied. CMOS camera is used to …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 17–22 Read article
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Experimental Demonstration on Microfluidic-Leakage in SU-8 based Glass Devices for Applications towards the Polymer Microfluidics
Abstract: Classical mechanics and quantum mechanics belong to the first quantisation in physics. Quantummechanics is dependent on quantum theory. Quantum field theory is the second quantisation inphysics. Fluid mechanics is a branch of classical mechanics (non-quantum). Therefore, fluidmechanics is present at the first quantisation in physics. Bulk-fluidics (microfluidics), microfluidicsand nanofluidics are the three levels of fluid mechanics towards miniaturisation. In this experimentalwork, the microfluidic-leakage is prominently demonstrated by fabrication of 12 …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Passive Capillary Flow of Dyed Water in SU-8 based Glass Microfluidic Devices integrated with Polyimide Layer on the Bottom Wall
Abstract: In this work, total 4 individual SU-8 based glass microfluidic devices are fabricated by the maskless lithography and indirect bonding technique. The polyimide layer is integrated on the selected portion of glass bottom wall of each device. Each passive capillary flow of dyed water is recorded by a CMOS camera catching 25 frames per second. This work will be useful to fabricate the SU-8 based laboratory-on-a-chip systems for microfluidic applications. …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 13–15 Read article