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101 articles for “Chains”
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Design and Development of Over Drive System in Two Wheelers
Abstract: In car, the over drive unit consist of Epicyclic gears but in this research work over drive unit consist of sprockets. In this unit, we have four additional chain sprockets compare with normal transmission system in two wheelers. In normal transmission, have driving sprocket consists of 13 teeth and driven sprocket consists of 41 teeth’s. It consists of three chain sprockets mounted on a shaft. Another one is attached to …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Protein Peroxidation: The Covalent Modification of Protein Induced Through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and With Secondary By-products of Oxidative Stress.
Abstract: The abundance in biological system and high reaction rate constant are making the proteins as major targets for radicals and two-electron oxidants in biological systems. The multiple side-chain and backbone sites are susceptible for highly reactive radical damage. Less reactive species exhibit greater selectivity with reference to the residues targeted and their spatial location. Modified structure may result in the increased side-chain hydrophilicity, side-chain fragmentation and backbone fragmentation, aggregation through …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–25 Read article
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Hazard Testing and Decomposition of Nuclear Wastes
Abstract: Nuclear garbage disposal is simple and may be done practically any place in a safe manner. Used fuel is typically stored for at least five years under water and subsequently in dry storage. The best solution for eventual disposal of the most radioactive waste produced is deep geological disposal, according to most experts. Industries such as mining, nuclear power generating, defence, medicine, and certain forms of scientific research produce radioactive …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 8–12 Read article
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Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Polydispersity in Nanoparticle Sizes
Abstract: The viscoelastic properties of polymer nanocomposites are investigated as a function of the size distribution of nanoparticles, the nature of interactions and results are compared with the pure polymer melt. We modeled our PNCs with two sizes of nanoparticles and polymer blends and four different cases with different polymer-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-nanoparticle non-bonded interactions. We have observed the enhancement in properties is not only due to the addition of nanoparticles but …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 42–52 Read article
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A Chemical Thorn in the Heart of Flowers: An Investigation into Chemical Preservation of Commercial Flowers and Its Health Implications
Abstract: The increasing demand for fresh flowers during festive occasions, religious ceremonies, and wedding seasons has led to the widespread use of chemical preservation techniques throughout the floral supply chain. Flowers – such as jasmine, rose, chrysanthemum, and marigold – are traditionally valued for their natural fragrance, freshness, and aesthetic appeal. However, to meet market demands and extend their commercial value, various chemical agents are increasingly applied to delay senescence and …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–18 Read article
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Getting Rid of Carbon: A New Direction for the Chemical Industry
Abstract: The chemical industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions due to its reliance on fossil-based feedstocks, energy-intensive processing routes, and long-lived capital infrastructure. Achieving international climate targets therefore requires deep decarbonisation across the entire chemical value chain, a transition complicated by technological limitations, economic risks, and systemic operational barriers. This article critically evaluates key emission-reduction pathways, including electrification of process heat, substitution of fossil resources with bio-based …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 52–61 Read article
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Design and Commercial Validation of a Hierarchical Three-Tier Quality GradingSystem for Post-Industrial and Post-Consumer Recycled Thermoplastic Resins in US Industrial SupplyChains
Abstract: Quality grading systems for recycled thermoplastic resins providing industrial buyers with a standardized, documented quality classification framework for secondary raw material procurement are a foundational requirement for the reliable integration of recycled materials into industrial supply chains. Despite this requirement, no standardized grading scale has been established for post- industrial and post-consumer PP, HDPE, and LDPE resins in industrial supply chain contexts. This paper presents the design, operational implementation, and …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–22 Read article
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Thermoacoustic Properties of Ethanol-n-Hexane and 1-Propanol-n-Hexane Binary Mixtures: A Comparative Study at 298.15 K
Abstract: Using an Anton Paar DSA 5000 M instrument, measurements of density, sound velocity, and viscosity were carried out for ethanol–n-hexane and 1-propanol–n-hexane binary mixtures across mole fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 at a constant temperature of 298.15 K. These binary mixtures were specifically selected to investigate the behavior of polar–nonpolar molecular interactions and how they affect the thermophysical properties of the system. The density, sound velocity, and viscosity data …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Micellization investigations of meristyl alcohol based bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactant with anionic and nonionic conventional surfactants
Abstract: Micellization studies have been carried out to investigate the mean aggregation number of aqueous solution of newly synthesized bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactant based on meristyl alcohol (BSGSMA1,4) using flexible spacer as methylene chain (CH2)4. The methylene chain was introduced via α,ω-dibromo butane in the reaction. The present study explored the effect of prepared gemini towards the two well recognized conventional surfactants i.e. sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Triton X 100 in …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Bacterial Exopolysaccharides and Their Applications: A Short Review
Abstract: Extracellular polymer substances (EPS) are metabolic products of bacteria which accumulate on thecell surface and serve as a protective layer against harsh environmental condition. EPS also serve asa source of energy during the starvation of bacteria. The major structural component of EPS ispolysaccharide, commonly known as exopolysaccharide, is either neutral or polyanionic in nature.Polysaccharides in EPS found different in sugar compositions and moieties, chain length, repeatingunits and substitutions in the …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 40–46 Read article
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Effect of polymer architecture on the gas separation performance of PIM-1 membranes
Abstract: Molecular simulations are used to demonstrate the effects of chain architectureson the gas separation performance of PIM-1 membranes. Four different architectures(linear, H-shape, star, and dendritic) were considered to investigate the transport propertiesof four industrially relevant gases (CO2, CH4, O2, and N2). The results obtainedfor the linear PIM-1 agree well with the available experimental data. The simulationsindicate that it is indeed possible to tune the free volume morphology of PIM-1 membranesby …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 35–56 Read article
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Hardware Protection of Design Data for Integrated Circuits: A Review
Abstract: Due to globalization of integrated circuit (IC) design flow, the supply chain elements can pirate ICs, overbuild ICs and insert hardware Trojans. Ending piracy of ICs is locked by inserting additional keys and only a correct key makes the design to produce correct outputs. Test of ICs is essential to ensure their quality; the test is meant to prevent defective ICs from entering into the supply chain. Due to the …
Published in International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Design and Implementation of a Vaccine Solar Cooling System
Abstract: The research reported in this paper suggests a new design for a vaccine chilling and storage locker that really can keep vaccines cold (2°C to 8°C) in the cold chain. This design was created to make the African immunisation week go as smoothly as possible. This refrigeration and storage unit was created to be small, portable, and well-isolated, with a PV solar power system as a power source. An Liquid …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 21–37 Read article
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Plastics Product Design and Analysis
Abstract: Product design of a commonly used articles like key-chains is to make it more attractive, user friendly, cost effective yet durable and providing longevity. Therefore, this work deals with the designing of optimized 3D model of key-chain if suitable shape and size and doing its analysis in Moldflow analysis software to study the material flow behaviour, impact of processing parameters on the product and possible defects after one complete cycle …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 31–34 Read article
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STUDY DIESEL-RK APPLICATIONS IN THE COMPUTATION AND ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINES USING HEAVY FUELS IN ORDER TO TEST WITH DIFFERENT PISTON BOWL DESIGNS
Abstract: The influence of different piston bowls on the Diesel-RK will be demonstrated in this test as the engine is the heart of vehicles for existence like human heart needed for survival. The piston bowl shows a significant influence on the load stratification in the transition area. The compression ratio shows a trade-off of NOx reduction with unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. In today's society, people have attempted to employ …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 8–18 Read article
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A Comparative Study to Assess the Patient Feedback of Experiences During Blood Sample Collection Through Eclipse Method and Syringe Method among Inpatients in Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Jayanagar, Bangalore (India)
Abstract: Human blood is a scarce resource and its role in healthcare is fundamental, with donated blood saving the lives of many on a daily basis. The blood supply chain is responsible for the transfer of blood from donor to the recipient, but the availability of such an invaluable resource as human blood is ultimately attributable to the many voluntary donors. Thus, the efficiency of the collection of donated blood is …
Published in International Journal of Nursing Critical Care · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Polyethylene: Molecular Mechanisms, Omics Approaches, and Biotechnological Applications
Abstract: Abstract: Polyethylene (PE), a commonly used synthetic polymer, is highly resistant to natural breakdown, leading to serious environmental and ecological issues such as soil and marine pollution, the formation of microplastics, and risks to wildlife and human health. Recent efforts have focused on using microbial and enzymatic processes to handle polyethylene waste. Microorganisms such as bacteria (Pseudomonas, Bacillus), fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium), and algae produce enzymes like laccases, peroxidases, oxygenases, and …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Intelligent Data Analytics on Cloud Infrastructure:Real-Time Insights and Managed Service Models
Abstract: This paper examines the integration of advanced data analytics and machine learning within modern cloud infrastructure, highlighting how organizations can transform large volumes of unstructured data into actionable business insights that drive competitive advantage. Cloud platforms leverage scalability and elasticity to efficiently process and analyze massive datasets in real time, allowing enterprises to identify hidden patterns, detect operational anomalies early, and generate accurate forecasts of future outcomes. A key factor …
Published in International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–46 Read article
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Effect of Nano-Fillers on the Mechanical and Fracture Behavior of Polymer Composite Matrices: A Review
Abstract: The modification of polymer composite matrices through the incorporation of nano-scale fillers has become a prominent and highly effective strategy for enhancing mechanical performance, stiffness, and fracture resistance. Unlike conventional micro-scale reinforcements, nano-fillers possess exceptionally high surface area–to–volume ratios and unique physicochemical characteristics that significantly influence interfacial phenomena within the polymer matrix. Materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), nano-silica, and layered silicate nanoclays, introduce advanced toughening mechanisms …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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A Study on Machine-Learning-Driven Insight into theThermal Behavior of Polymers and Composite Materials
Abstract: The thermal performance of polymeric and composite systems underpins their suitability for aerospace, electronics, and energy‑storage applications, yet reliable prediction of temperature‑dependent properties remains a formidable challenge. In this work we present a data‑driven framework that harnesses modern machine‑learning (ML) techniques to forecast key thermal metrics – glass‑transition temperature (Tg), melting point (Tm), thermal conductivity (k), and decomposition onset (Td) – from a chemically informed descriptor space. A curated database …
Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article