International Journal of Plant Biotechnology
Plant Biotechnology: Advances in Genetic Engineering and Plant Tissue Culture
Student, Department of Science, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Plant biotechnology has emerged as a transformative discipline that integrates molecular biology, genetic engineering, and advanced tissue culture techniques to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. With the global population increasing rapidly, food security and crop resilience have become critical priorities. Genetic engineering offers the ability to introduce desirable traits into plants, such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and improved nutritional quality, while plant tissue culture provides a foundation for large-scale propagation, conservation of endangered species, and recovery of transgenic plants. An introduction of the fundamentals and uses of plant biotechnology is given in this article, with a focus on tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques. The paper highlights the use of recombinant DNA technology, CRISPR-Cas systems, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in crop improvement. In addition, tissue culture applications, including micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, and protoplast fusion, are discussed in detail. The review also explores current literature on the integration of biotechnology in modern agriculture and its role in addressing challenges such as climate change, pest outbreaks, and the need for sustainable crop production. Although biotechnology has demonstrated significant potential, it faces challenges related to biosafety regulations, ethical considerations, and public acceptance. To achieve sustainable agricultural development, the conclusion highlights the significance of ongoing research and the proper deployment of plant biotechnology.
Keywords
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