International Journal of Immunological Nursing
A Comprehensive Review on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Vice Principal, Department of Nursing, JSS School of Nursing, Kollegal, Karnataka, India.
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a groundbreaking therapeutic approach in restoring gut microbiome balance and treating various gastrointestinal disorders. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on FMT, examining its clinical applications, underlying mechanisms, safety profile, and future directions. Initially, FMT was primarily utilized for managing recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), demonstrating significant clinical efficacy and establishing its role in modern medicine. The review explores the evolving scope of FMT, including its potential in treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and metabolic disorders.The mechanisms of FMT are discussed in detail, focusing on how microbiome restoration influences host immunity, gut barrier function, and metabolic processes. Recent advancements in microbiome analysis and processing techniques have refined FMT protocols, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and patient safety. However, challenges such as variability in donor microbiota, risk of adverse effects, and ethical considerations remain pertinent. The review highlights the importance of standardized procedures and quality control to mitigate these issues and improve clinical outcomes. Emerging research on personalized microbiome therapies and innovative delivery methods, such as encapsulated FMT, is also reviewed, offering insights into the future trajectory of FMT. This article aims to provide a holistic understanding of FMT, bridging current evidence with clinical practice and identifying gaps for future research. By consolidating recent advancements and ongoing debates, this review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers engaged in microbiome-based therapies.
Keywords: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Microbiome restoration, Therapeutic outcomes
Keywords
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