International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Quantification of Morphine, Codeine, and Dihydrocodeine in Carissa carandas Leaves and Fruit Using LC-MS/MS: The Impact of Drying on Alkaloid Concentration
1Analyst, Shri Venkateshwara University, Amroha, UP
2Professor, Shri Venkateshwara University, Amroha, UP
3Technical Officer, National Dope Testing Laboratory, New Delhi, Delhi
Abstract
This study presents a method for quantifying morphine, codeine, and dihydrocodeine in Carissa carandas (Karonda) leaves and fruit, employing morphine-D3 as an internal standard (1 µg/mL) to ensure accuracy. Samples are prepared at 25 ng/mL and extracted using solvent techniques, with an optional solid-phase extraction step to mitigate matrix effects. Quantification is conducted via LC-MS/MS, providing robust sensitivity. Results show that drying concentrates these alkaloids, particularly morphine in fruit, due to moisture loss. The findings support drying as a practical preparatory step for enhancing analyte detection and improving analytical reliability in botanical studies. The impact of drying on the concentrations of codeine, dihydrocodeine, and morphine in leaf and fruit samples. Results indicate that drying increases the detectable levels of these compounds, likely due to moisture loss. Codeine and dihydrocodeine concentrations showed moderate increases in dry samples, while morphine demonstrated a more significant concentration effect, especially in dry fruit samples. The highest morphine concentration was observed in dry fruit, suggesting that drying is particularly effective in enhancing its levels. Overall, the findings support drying as an effective sample preparation method for improving the analytical sensitivity of these alkaloids in botanical matrices.
Keywords
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