International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions
Evaluating Remedy of Oil Polluted Environment Using Fermented Cassava Liquid
Rivers State University, Port Harcourt
Abstract
A 28-day experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fermented cassava liquid in the bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils. Three soil types, namely clay, sandy-loamy, and swampy soils, were examined. Cassava liquid was fermented for six days to allow sufficient microbial growth before being introduced into the contaminated soil samples. Uninoculated contaminated soil served as the control. Soil samples were collected at one-week intervals throughout the study for the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Microbiological analysis of the fermented cassava liquid revealed a bacterial population of 6.82 × 10⁴ CFU/mL, as determined by the standard plate count method. The inoculated soil samples exhibited progressive reductions in TPH concentration over the experimental period. At the end of the study, TPH removal efficiencies reached 46.5% in clay soil, 34.06% in sandy-loamy soil, and 20.4% in swampy soil, indicating that remediation performance varied with soil characteristics. Changes in selected physicochemical properties were also observed during the treatment period. The pH of the contaminated soils increased gradually following the application of the fermented cassava liquid, suggesting enhanced microbial activity during hydrocarbon degradation. Conversely, thermal conductivity declined progressively throughout the 28-day remediation period. These analyses were carried out in the Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering laboratory. The findings demonstrate that microorganisms naturally present in fermented cassava liquid possess the capacity to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils. However, the extent of remediation achieved within the study period suggests that longer treatment durations and optimized environmental conditions are necessary to maximize biodegradation efficiency across different soil types.
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