International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions

Green approach for the synthesis of Titanium dioxide nano particles and their characterization

  1. Drashti Tank
  2. Anjali Bishnoi

Abstract

The ecofriendly and sustainable method of green synthesis of nanoparticles gained a lot of popularity these days. Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves are used in this study to identify the eco friendly synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs). TiO 2 NPs can be easily and sustainably synthesized from titanium precursors using neem leaves having bioactive compounds. Green production of TiO 2 NPs is facilitated by the stabilizing and capping properties of neem leaves. UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were among the characterization techniques which are used to analyse the physical, chemical and surface properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. As per the results of XRD, the green synthesized TiO 2 NPs have a spherical shape and an average crystalline size of 33.91 ± 0.5 nm. Results support the nanocrystalline structure and reveal well dispersed, desirable physical and chemical characteristics. Beyond being rapid, affordable, and eco-friendly, this green synthesis approach also expects to enhance the potential applications of the synthesized nanoparticles.

Keywords

References (36)

  1. Goswami, S., Bishnoi, A., Tank, D., Patel, P., Chahar, M., Khaturia, S., Modi, N., Khalid, M., Alam, M. W., Yadav, V. K., Alreshidi, M. A., & Yadav, K. K. (2024). Recent trends in the synthesis, characterization and commercial applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles—A review. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 573, 122350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2024.122350
  2. Bishnoi, A., Rajaraman, T., Dube, C. L., & Ambegaonkar, N. J. (2020). Smart nanosensors for textiles: An introduction. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 7–25). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820777-2.00002-9
  3. Joudeh, N., & Linke, D. (2022). Nanoparticle classification, physicochemical properties, characterization, and applications: A comprehensive review for biologists. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-022-01477-8
  4. Mekuye, B., & Abera, B. (2023). Nanomaterials: An overview of synthesis, classification, characterization, and applications. Nano Select, 4(8), 486–501. https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300038
  5. Abid, N., Khan, A. M., Shujait, S., Chaudhary, K., Ikram, M., Imran, M., Haider, J., Khan, M., Khan, Q., & Maqbool, M. (2021). Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 300, 102597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2021.102597
  6. Altammar, K. A. (2023). A review on nanoparticles: Characteristics, synthesis, applications, and challenges. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155622
  7. Negrescu, A. M., Killian, M. S., Raghu, S. N. V., Schmuki, P., Mazare, A., & Cimpean, A. (2022). Metal oxide nanoparticles: Review of synthesis, characterization and biological effects. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 13(4), 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040274
  8. Yitagesu, G. B., Leku, D. T., & Workneh, G. A. (2023). Green synthesis of TiO₂ using Impatiens rothii Hook.f. leaf extract for efficient removal of methylene blue dye. ACS Omega, 8(46), 43999–44012. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c06142
  9. Jassal, P. S., Kaur, D., Prasad, R., & Singh, J. (2022). Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Development and applications. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10, 100361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100361
  10. Verma, V., Al-Dossari, M., Singh, J., Rawat, M., Kordy, M. G. M., & Shaban, M. (2022). A review on green synthesis of TiO₂ NPs: Photocatalysis and antimicrobial applications. Polymers, 14(7), 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071444
  11. Admane, S., & Marathe, K. (2023). Green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles by fenugreek extract. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0129871
  12. Girigoswami, A., Deepika, B., Pandurangan, A. K., & Girigoswami, K. (2024). Preparation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from Solanum tuberosum peel extract and its applications. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 52(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2023.2301068
  13. Eddy, D. R., Rahmawati, D., Permana, M. D., Takei, T., Solihudin, N., Suryana, N., Noviyanti, A. R., & Rahayu, I. (2024). A review of recent developments in green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles using plant extract: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 165, 112531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112531
  14. Rathore, C., Yadav, V. K., Gacem, A., AbdelRahim, S. K., Verma, R. K., Chundawat, R. S., Gnanamoorthy, G., Yadav, K. K., Choudhary, N., Sahoo, D. K., & Patel, A. (2023). Microbial synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their importance in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial activities: A review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270245
  15. M, R., Su, R., A, M. K. P., B, G., & M, V. P. S. (2022). Green synthesis of titanium dioxide and its application on antifungal activity. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(6), 695–700. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00115
  16. Abdalla, H., Adarosy, M. H., Hegazy, H. S., & Abdelhameed, R. E. (2022). Potential of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles for enhancing seedling emergence, vigor, and tolerance indices and DPPH free radical scavenging in two varieties of soybean under salinity stress. BMC Plant Biology, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03945-7
  17. Bahrulolum, H., Nooraei, S., Javanshir, N., Tarrahimofrad, H., Mirbagheri, V. S., Easton, A. J., & Ahmadian, G. (2021). Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using microorganisms and their application in the agri-food sector. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00834-3
  18. Abdel-Maksoud, G., Abdel-Nasser, M., Hassan, S. E., Eid, A. M., Abdel-Nasser, A., & Fouda, A. (2023). Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and evaluation of their biocompatibility and antifungal activity. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14(19), 23961–23983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04587-x
  19. Ghareeb, A., Fouda, A., Kishk, R. M., & Kazzaz, W. M. E. (2024). Unlocking the potential of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: An insight into green synthesis, optimizations, characterizations, and multifunctional applications. Microbial Cell Factories, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-024-02609-5
  20. Agustina, L., Suprihatin, S., Romli, M., & Suryadarma, P. (2022). Green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles using Lactobacillus sp.: A literature review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1063(1), 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012014
  21. Rai, M., Bonde, S., Yadav, A., Puri, V., & Ingle, A. P. (2021). Nanoparticles for biosensors: Recent trends and future challenges. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(3), 2097–2120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01163-4
  22. Ahmad, M., Ul Haq, N., Malik, K., Murtaza, G., & Khan, S. A. (2023). A comprehensive review on green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles and their applications. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1271, 134169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134169
  23. El-Sayyad, G. S., El-Bastawisy, H. S., Mosallam, F. M., & El-Kemary, M. (2022). Recent advances in green synthesis and environmental applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A critical review. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 17, 100664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2022.100664
  24. Pandey, S., Mishra, P., Singh, R. K., Shukla, A., & Singh, P. K. (2023). Green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles using medicinal plant extracts: A review on recent developments, applications, and future perspectives. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(2), 109667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109667
  25. Kumar, R., Singh, J., & Verma, S. (2022). Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using algae and its applications in water purification and antimicrobial activity. Chemosphere, 296, 133998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133998
  26. Hussain, S., Irshad, M., Anwar, M., Sajid, M., & Khan, S. (2024). Biogenic synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles: A promising approach for sustainable applications. Materials Today: Proceedings, 89, 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2024.01.056
  27. Devi, P., Kaur, P., & Singh, S. (2023). Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 63, 108026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108026
  28. Sharma, R., Maheshwari, N., & Rathi, R. (2023). Green chemistry approaches for the synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 6, 100330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100330
  29. Bakthavatchalam, S., Sundaram, M. M., & Chidambaram, S. (2022). Phytogenic synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles: Characterization and potential environmental applications. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(18), 25698–25712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19174-2
  30. Chen, J., Li, M., Zhao, X., & Zhang, H. (2023). A review on the role of green synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles in photocatalysis and antimicrobial applications. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 156, 107511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107511
  31. Patel, K., & Sharma, S. (2022). A systematic review on the green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their diverse applications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 372, 133698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133698
  32. Singh, A., Tiwari, S., & Chauhan, R. (2023). Green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles using various plant extracts: Mechanisms, characterization, and applications. Applied Nanoscience, 13(2), 1789–1802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02479-1
  33. Yadav, M., Kumar, S., & Meena, P. (2024). A review on the application of green synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles in wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 331, 118678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.118678
  34. Alharbi, M., Alghamdi, A., & Ansari, M. A. (2023). Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their role in antimicrobial and anticancer applications. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 225, 113276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113276
  35. Subramanian, R., Sundararajan, M., & Rajendran, A. (2023). An insight into green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles: Sustainable techniques and biomedical applications. Materials Today Communications, 36, 106382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106382
  36. Zhao, Y., Sun, Y., & Wang, X. (2022). Recent advancements in green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles for environmental and energy applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 169, 112892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112892

Read more of it

Subscribe to one journal or build your own list of several. One invoice, one payment, access for a full year.

Subscribe to journals →

Publish your article

Peer-reviewed journals across every subject, with open access options. Send your manuscript to the right editor today.

Publish with us → Calculate your APC