International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry
General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for Science, Pre-medical, and Pharmacy Students – Chapter V: Organic Synthesis
Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
Abstract
Organic synthesis can be classified into many types, including simple one-step synthesis, multi-step, one-pot, microwave, or green synthesis. Each type of synthesis takes place through a specific pathway depending on reactants involved, the reaction conditions, the catalyst, the protection group, and the duration of the reaction. In some cases, the required compound can be prepared by more than one procedure, and an expert chemist prefers the procedure by which the product is obtained in comparatively good yield, low cost, and no by-products. This chapter introduces some experiments of the synthesis of some important organic compounds, some of which are known medicines, from comparatively cheap reactants and under safe reaction conditions. The reaction pathways of some of the reactions are well described. Some of these reactions involve cycle formation, where a small molecule is eliminated, furnishing the final product. Some other reactions involve the use of two solvents different in polarity as in solvent extraction experiment described in Chapter 4, where the organic compound tends to migrate to its suitable solvent, leaving the other solvent in which it is sparingly soluble, Also, in this chapter, almost each type of a specific organic chemical reaction is applied in the synthesis of a desired product, depending on its composition.
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