International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering Review Article
Optimization of a New Fluorescent-Based OLED Structure for High-Efficiency Performance in Emerging Web3 and Decentralized Device Ecosystems
Abstract
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), traditionally used in flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting, are now emerging as critical components in next-generation Web3-enabled technologies. Their lightweight structure, flexibility, high contrast ratio, and low power consumption make them highly suitable for decentralized hardware platforms, blockchain-integrated Internet of Things (IoT) devices, distributed augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) interfaces, wearable electronics, and ultra-low-power edge computing systems. These advanced applications require compact, durable, and energy-efficient emissive devices that can operate reliably within autonomous and distributed digital infrastructures. However, achieving high-performance OLED operation remains challenging because of their non-linear current-voltage (I–V) behavior, complex charge injection mechanisms, recombination dynamics, and material-dependent transport characteristics. To address these issues, this study proposes a hybrid OLED structure based on Ir(ppy)3/Alq3, specifically designed for low-energy Web3 hardware environments. The device architecture is optimizing the Salp Swarm Optimization (SSA) algorithm, a powerful nature-inspired meta-heuristic technique known for solving complex nonlinear engineering problems efficiently. SSA is employed to identify the optimum emissive layer thickness, doping concentration, and structural parameters that maximize device performance while reducing material consumption. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimized OLED achieves a high luminance of 1.94 × 10⁴ cd/m², lower operating voltage, improved charge balance, and enhanced energy efficiency compared with conventional structures. In addition, reduced material usage contributes to cost-effectiveness and sustainability. These characteristics make the proposed OLED highly promising for decentralized sensors, blockchain-connected smart nodes, immersive metaverse displays, and other intelligent edge devices. This work establishes a systematic optimization framework for designing efficient OLED architectures tailored to future Web3-based smart electronic ecosystems.
Keywords
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