International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals
Hamming Coded Watermarking for Image Authentication and Evaluation by Image Transmission using Digital Modulation Schemes
Abstract
Proposed watermarking scheme for image authentication and tampered detection. Here, image encoded with a message is generated, after embedding watermark symbol within a colour cover image. The message information is converted to hexadecimal values from its ASCII representation. To encode this and embed the watermark, (7, 4) Hamming code is used. These bits will be divided into 7-bit blocks which will spread across the width of the image. The proposed scheme decodes the encoded message successfully from watermarked image. The authentication has been tested using transmission of watermarked image over AWGN channel using BPSK, DPSK and ASK modulation schemes with convolutional encoders. Experimental results show that the watermark extraction achieves 100% accuracy over 9 dB SNR value for the said modulation schemes.References (24)
- Pabitra Pal, Partha Chowdhuri, Biswapati Janal, Jaydeb Bhaumik. Hamming Code Based
- Watermarking Scheme for Image Authentication and Tampered Detection. Communication,
- Devices, and Computing Springer, 2017. pp 59–67.
- Lalithnarayan C. Steganography-An Experiment in Python. 2020 Aug 19; Available from:
- https://www.section.io/engineering-education/steganography-in-python/
- Jen Tse Wang, Yi Ching Chang, Shyr Shen Yu, Chun Yuan Yu. Hamming Code Based
- Watermarking Scheme for 3D Model Verification. ISBN:978–1–4799–5277–9, IEEE, 2014
- Fang Zhixiong. Digital Image of Restoring Image Based on (7,4) Hamming Code. International
- Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security, IEEE, 2009
- Saeid Jahandar. Digital Image Watermarking. 2020 May 01; Available from:
- https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/75084-digital-image-watermarking
- B. P. Lathi, Zhi Ding. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems. International Fourth
- Edition, Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Simon Haykin, McMaster University. Communication Systems, Fourth Edition, John Wiley and
- Sons, Inc, 2001.
- Neeraj Bhargava, M.M. Sharma, Abhimanyu Singh Garhwal, Manish Mathuria. Digital image
- authentication system based on digital watermarking, International Conference on Radar,
- Communication and Computing (ICRCC), IEEE, 2012
- Mohammad Shahab Goli, Alireza Naghsh. Introducing a new method robust against crop attack in
- digital image watermarking using two-step sudoku. 3rd International Conference on Pattern
- Recognition and Image Analysis (IPRIA), IEEE, 2017
- Alfonso Sánchez-Macián; Pedro Reviriego; Juan Antonio Maestro. Hamming SEC-DAED and
- Extended Hamming SEC-DED-TAED Codes Through Selective Shortening and Bit Placement.
- IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, volume 14, Issue 1, 2014