18 publications

• Published Subscription 26 May 2023

  Gum Rosin: Manufacturing, Applications, Market Scenario and Opportunities

  By Sandeep Rai

  Abstract: A review about gum rosin and its derivatives has been compiled. Rosin, also known as colophony, is a naturally occurring, abundantly available, biodegradable, cheap and non-toxic raw material. It can be easily modified to obtain industrially useful products. Gum Rosin and its derivatives are widely used in numerous industrial applications such as resins, monomers, intermediates, curing agents, emulsifiers, medicines, tablets, energy drinks, biocides etc. Other industrial usage are in rubber …

  Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 32–37 Read article →

• Published Subscription 29 Jan 2022

  NBR/PVC Blends Production, Testing and Applications: An Overview

  By Sandeep Rai

  Abstract: PVC due to its polar nature allows preparation of compatible blends with other polymers. Main and unique property of NBR is its oil resistance and it is used in such application even after higher cost than natural and synthetic rubbers. PVC possesses good oil resistance but needs additional plasticizer which can be extracted by solvents; thus, plastic becomes hard and brittle during the life cycle of the product. There are …

  Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 22–25 Read article →

• Published Subscription 16 Dec 2021

  Use of Nano-additives in Rubber Compounding: A Review

  By Sandeep Rai, Mahavir Kher, Akhilesh Gupta

  Abstract: Rubber nanocomposites nowadays find an important position both in academic and industrial point of view and extensive research work is under way in this area. Due to their ever-growing significance of nano-additives, thorough investigation becomes necessary especially for their applications in various industries. Due to enhanced surface area and high aspect ratio of nanomaterials results in superior matrix/filler interaction and lead to superior and versatile properties in wide range of …

  Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 40–47 Read article →

• Published Subscription 15 Dec 2021

  Polycarbonate/ABS Alloys: Production, Testing and Applications—An Overview

  By Sandeep Rai

  Abstract: The commercial production of polycarbonate (PC) began in 1958; the commercialization of the polycarbonate/ABS blends started in 1977. The incorporation of ABS to PC minimizes its drawbacks without altering its superior mechanical properties. Blending of PC and ABS also generates other useful characteristics i.e. glossiness and low temperature toughness. Blending of both the polymers is being carried out in a twin-screw extruder or in a common solvent like Tetrahydrofuran (THF).Nowadays …

  Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 32–37 Read article →

• Published Subscription 28 May 2020

  Functionalization of Reclaim Rubber: Possible Precursor for Polyblends in Engineering Applications

  By Hiren Mangukiya, Mahendra Rajput, Anjali Bishnoi, Sandeep Rai

  Abstract: Improvements in mechanical and dynamic properties of a blend can be achieved by surface treatments such as grafting of functional groups on one of the blend components or activation by the application of a coating of a polymer. This paper describes the effect of grafting maleic anhydride on reclaim rubber with varying levels of maleic anhydride (i.e., 2 and 5 phr) on open two roll mills. Investigated cure characteristics and …

  Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 18–23 Read article →

• Published Subscription 28 May 2020

  Chitosan: Chemistry, Applications & Economics of Production - A Review

  By Sandeep Rai, K. Satish Kumar, Jinkal Mistry, Nilesh Singh, Akshita Rai

  Abstract: Chitosan is a natural poly-cationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin and also known as de-acetylated chitin. It is derived from partial de-acetylation of chitin. Its low solubility in neutral and alkaline solution limits its application. Chitosan’s chemical modification brings to it new reactive functional properties for different applications. Because of biocompatibility, non-toxicity, low allergenicity and biodegradability, it is used in various applications .This review paper presents the chemistry, literature review …

  Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 23–34 Read article →

• Published Subscription 28 May 2020

  Guar Gum and Its Graft Copolymers: An Overview

  By Sandeep Rai, Nilesh Singh, Akshita Rai

  Abstract: Guar gum, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, is being widely used in numerous applications. Guar gum is modified by graft copolymerization to improve upon properties. Grafting is an innovative method to produce a new class of semi synthetic polymeric materials. In grafting, while the original properties of polymer remain intact, some additional and useful properties are incorporated. Natural polymers are available in huge quantities on Earth, since billions of years. Guar …

  Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 15–22 Read article →

• Published Subscription 28 May 2020

  Improvement of mechanical properties of recycled polyethylene with utilization of bio-filler

  By Sandeep Rai, Nikhil Patel, Hardik Rana, Sunil Kumar, Anjali Bishnoi, Hitkam Pandya

  Abstract: Nowadays, the consumption of plastics all over the world has been tremendously growing, which is culminating into large amount of waste plastic material. It is believed that the management of solid waste is one of the major environmental concerns in the world. Due to limited space on landfills and increasing costs of plastics, utilization of waste plastics has become an attractive alternative for disposal. This research work describes the preparation …

  Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 18–26 Read article →

• Published Subscription 28 May 2020

  Green Routes for Modification of Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Compound

  By Sandeep Rai, Ankit Mishra, Yash Berawala, Anjali Bishnoi

  Abstract: Compounding of rubber is very crucial to make the raw rubber suitable for its end use. Term Compounding of rubber refers to the selection and mixing the different ingredients that fulfil the processing, performance, cost requirements of finished rubber products. The compounding ingredients include fillers, reinforcements, plasticizers, curatives, accelerators, stabilizers etc. The curatives play key role in the formation of crosslink or vulcanisation. Since Ionic level (IL) has very low …

  Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–9 Read article →

• Published Subscription 26 May 2020

  Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane in Powder Form

  By Sandeep Rai, Bhavesh Padhiyar, Hitkam Pandya, Jigisha Modi

  Abstract: Polyurethanes (PUs) are defined as a class of versatile materials with great potential for use in different applications, especially based on their structure-property relationships. Their specific mechanical, physical, biological, and chemical properties are attracting significant research to tailor made PUs for various applications. Enhancement of the properties and performance of PU-based materials are achieved through altering the production process or the raw materials used in their fabrication or via the …

  Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 22–27 Read article →

• Published Subscription 12 Feb 2020

  EFFECT OF GREEN LIQUID ON CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NBR/PVC BLEND

  By Sandeep Rai, VASU KHANT, RAVI BERA, RAJKUMAR VAGHASIYA, UMANG LAKHANI, AVANISH SINGH, Hitkam Pandya

  Abstract: Compounding or formulation refers to the addition of certain chemicals to raw rubber in order to obtain the desired properties which are to be prepared by mixing additives to fulfil the processing, performance and economic statistics of rubber products. The common chemicals and for alternation of such properties are cross linking agents, reinforcement agents, antidegradants, plasticizers, curatives and stabilizers. The present communication report synthesis of Ionic Liquid and effect of …

  Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–6 Read article →

• Published Subscription 31 Jan 2020

  Energy Conservation with use of Cool Roof Coatings

  By Sandeep Rai, Jinkal Mistry

  Abstract: Regions with hot and dry climate often experience very high levels of solar radiation, high ambient temperatures and relatively low specific humidity. The roofs of buildings in such areas are always exposed to Sun for long duration during the daytime. Solar radiation is responsible for heat transfer through the building roof. Actually, Solar radiation heat the roof which in turn reradiates the heat onto the ceiling and finally on to …

  Published in International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–13 Read article →

• Published Subscription 6 Mar 2018

  Application of Taguchi Method for Optimization of Reaction Parameters in Graft Copolymerization onto Guar Gum

  By Sandeep Rai, Purvi J. Naik

  Abstract: In this article, Taguchi method is used to theoretically optimize the various reaction parameters and their interactions that may affect the end properties of Guar Gum Grafted copolymers made in a laboratory glass reactor. An attempt has been made to assess and predict the effect of temperature, monomer (Acrylonitrile) concentration and Guar Gum concentration on % grafting. In the present study effect of above mentioned three reaction parameters on the …

  Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 12–18 Read article →

• Published Subscription 15 Jun 2017

  FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF VINYL ESTER RESIN BASED HYBRID COMPOSITES

  By Sandeep Rai

  Abstract: Jute is most widely used natural fiber in combination of various polymer because of easy availability, low environment impact, low density, low production cost, satisfactory mechanical properties and usage in wide range of applications. Mechanical properties of fibers are depending upon various factors such as fiber length, fiber orientation, fiber contact etc. In the present study, composite of Jute (J) and Glass fiber (G) have been fabricated using hand lay …

  Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 26–31 Read article →

• Published Subscription 16 Nov 2016

  EFFECT OF HEAT AGEING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYAMIDE 6(NYLON 6) & POLYAMIDE 12(NYLON 12)

  By Sandeep Rai

  Abstract: Polyamide 6 or Nylon 6(PA 6) and polyamide 12 or Nylon 12 (PA 12) are well known engineering semi-crystalline polar polymers characterized by the presence of amide linkage (-CONH-) in the repeating units of their chains. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PA 6 and PA 12 is ~50 °C and ~37 °C respectively. PA 6 is widely used for gears and bearings, fittings in automobile industry for under hood …

  Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–12 Read article →

• Published Subscription 14 Oct 2016

  Application of nanomaterials for food industry

  By Sandeep Rai, Anjali Bishnoi, Sunil Kumar, Jinkal Mistry, Hitkam Pandya

  Abstract: This review focuses on the use of nanomaterials in food industry. The topic of this review highlights application of nanomaterials in processing, in packaging and as food contact materials. This review also gives an insight on the food safety as well as regulation of nanotechnologies for ensuring food safety. The food industry is in need of technologies, which can be employed to produce fresh authentic, convenient and flavourful food products. …

  Published in International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 6–24 Read article →

• Published Subscription 10 Aug 2016

  Hydrogels Based on Guar Gum: A Review

  By Sandeep Rai, Yashwant Bhalerao, Jinkal Mistry

  Abstract: Polysaccharide-based hydrogels are potential materials for wide range of medical applications i.e., tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery and local therapy etc. An interesting fact related to hydrogels is their ability to be injected without any modification in their chemical, mechanical and/or biological properties, due to their thixotropic behavior. It is also feasible to alter the rheological and chemical-physical properties of polysaccharide hydrogels by modifying the cross-linking agents and exploiting their …

  Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–16 Read article →

• Published Subscription 2 May 2016

  Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(etherdiphenylene terephthalamide)-Metal Complexes in Heterogeneous Medium

  By Sandeep Rai

  Abstract: Condensation of terephthalic acid and 4,4ʹ-diaminodiphenyl ether resulted in aminoterminated oligomeric poly(etherdiphenylene terephthalamide) (PODTA) using phosphorylation technique. Schiff base complexes of this polyamide were synthesized with salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde complexes of Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II). All the synthesized polyamide as well as Schiff’s base complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Thermal stabilities of ligand and its various complexes were compared by thermogravimetric analysis. While, Co(II) …

  Published in International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 13–19 Read article →